Burns - PEDS final

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The most fatal type of burn in the toddler age group is:

• flame burn from playing with matches.
• scald burn from high-temperature tap water.
• hot object burn from cigarettes or irons.
• electric burn from electric outlets.
• flame burn from playing with matches.

The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby's formula faster. What should the nurse recommend?

• Never heat a bottle in a microwave oven.
• Heat only 10 ounces or more.
• Always leave bottle top uncovered to allow heat to

escape.

• Shake bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after

heating.

• Never heat a bottle in a microwave oven.

Tretinoin (Retin-A) is a topical agent commonly used to treat acne. Nursing considerations with this drug should

include:

• teaching to avoid use of sunscreen agents.
• applying generously to the skin.
• explaining that medication should not be applied until

at least 20 to 30 minutes after washing.

• explaining that erythema and peeling are indications of

toxicity.

• explaining that medication should not be applied until at least 20 to 30 minutes

after washing.

Which best describes a full-thickness (third-degree) burn?

• Erythema and pain
• Skin showing erythema followed by blister formation
• Destruction of all layers of skin evident with extension

into subcutaneous tissue

• Destruction injury involving underlying structures such

as muscle, fascia, and bone

• Destruction of all layers of skin evident with extension into subcutaneous tissue

A child is admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes that there are burns on the child's lips and singed nasal

hairs. The nurse should suspect that the child has a(n):

• chemical burn.
• inhalation injury.
• electrical burn.
• hot-water scald.
• inhalation injury.

Which explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with burns?

• Vasoconstriction
• Decreased capillary permeability
• Increased capillary permeability
• Decreased hydrostatic pressure within capillaries
• Increased capillary permeability

The most immediate threat to life in children with thermal

injuries is:

• shock.
• anemia.
• local infection.
• systemic sepsis.
• shock.

After the acute stage and during the healing process, the

primary complication from burn injury is:

• asphyxia.
• shock.
• renal shutdown.
• infection.
• infection.

An adolescent girl is cooking on a gas stove when her bathrobe catches fire. Her father smothers the flames with a rug and calls an ambulance. She has sustained major burns over much of her body. Which is important in her immediate care?

• Wrap her in a blanket until help arrives.
• Encourage her to drink clear liquids.
• Place her in a tub of cool water.
• Remove her burned clothing and jewelry.
• Remove her burned clothing and jewelry.

A young child has sustained a minor burn to the foot.Which is recommended for treatment of a minor burn?

• Apply ice to foot.
• Apply cortisone ointment.
• Apply an occlusive dressing.
• Cleanse the wound with a mild soap and tepid water.
• Cleanse the wound with a mild soap and tepid water.

A toddler sustains a minor burn on the hand from hot coffee. Which is the first action the nurse should recommend in treating this burn?

• Apply ice to burned area.
• Hold burned area under cool running water.
• Break any blisters with a sterile needle.
• Cleanse wound with soap and warm water.
• Hold burned area under cool running water.

A parent of a child with major burns asks the nurse why a high-calorie and high-protein diet is prescribed. Which response should the nurse make?

• The diet promotes growth.
• The diet will improve appetite.
• The diet will diminish risks of stress-induced

hyperglycemia.

• The diet will avoid protein breakdown.
• The diet will avoid protein breakdown.

Fentanyl and midazolam (Versed) are given before débridement of a child's burn wounds. Which is the rationale for administration of these medications?

• Promote healing.
• Prevent infection.
• Provide pain relief.
• Limit amount of débridement that will be necessary.
• Provide pain relief.

Nitrous oxide is being administered to a child with extensive burn injuries. Which is the purpose of this medication?

• Promote healing.
• Prevent infection.
• Provide anesthesia.
• Improve urinary output.
• Provide anesthesia.

Hydrotherapy is required to treat a child with extensive partial-thickness burn wounds. Which is the primary purpose of hydrotherapy?

• Débride the wounds.
• Increase peripheral blood flow.
• Provide pain relief.
• Destroy bacteria on the skin.
• Débride the wounds.

A child with extensive burns requires débridement. The nurse should anticipate which priority goal related to this procedure?

• Reduce pain.
• Prevent bleeding.
• Maintain airway.
• Restore fluid balance
• Reduce pain.

Biologic dressings are applied to a child with partial- thickness burns of both legs. Which nursing intervention should be implemented?

• Observing wounds for bleeding
• Observing wounds for signs of infection
• Monitoring closely for signs of shock
• Splinting legs to prevent movement
• Observing wounds for signs of infection

Which is one of the first signs of overwhelming sepsis in a child with burn injuries?

• Seizures
• Bradycardia
• Disorientation
• Decreased blood pressure
• Disorientation

Which is an effective strategy to reduce the stress of burn dressing procedures?

• Give child as many choices as possible.
• Reassure child that dressing changes are not painful.
• Explain to child why analgesics cannot be used.
• Encourage child to master stress with controlled

passivity.

• Give child as many choices as possible.

Which is an important consideration for the nurse when changing dressings and applying topical medication to a child's abdomen and leg burns?

• Apply topical medication with clean hands.
• Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing

change.

• If dressings adhere to the wound, soak in hot water

before removal.

• Apply dressing so that movement is limited during the

healing process.

• Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing change.

The family of a 4-month-old infant will be vacationing at the beach. Which should the nurse teach the family about exposure of the infant to the sun?

• Use sun block on the infant's nose and ear tips.
• Use topical sunscreen product with a sun protective

factor of 15.

• The infant can be exposed to the sun for 15-minute

increments.

• Keep the infant in total shade at all times.
• Keep the infant in total shade at all times.