C273 - Sociology - WGU

C273 - Sociology - WGU

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Students also studied Terms in this set (59) Western Governors UniversityC 273 Save WGU Introduction to Sociology - C2...113 terms jiminrobinsonPreview WGU Sociology C273 104 terms tiffany_neihart Preview C273 Unit Assessments (Prep for OA...60 terms Emely1363Preview WGU C Teacher gre Who was the founder of conflict theory?Karl Marx Which idea did Auguste Comte introduce to the field of sociology?Positivism Which sociological perspective views society as being made up of groups competing for scarce resources?Conflict theory How would a functionalist theory explain the complexity of American families in the early twenty-first century?The complex patterns of family life permit greater economic and emotional security for individuals from diverse backgrounds.A series of questions asked of a sample of people Surveys Research that takes place while the researcher actively participates in a setting Participant observation A controlled setting in which specific variables are manipulated and the outcomes are measured Experiments The study of data that have already been collected Secondary analysis What is the purpose of having ethical standards in social research?To protect human subjects Why is it considered unethical for sociologists to mislead their research participants?Because people have the right to give informed consent before participating in research What is an example of nonmaterial culture?Language

Which concept do sociologists use to describe a group whose values and goals are in opposition to mainstream culture?Counterculture What role do a culture's values play in social interactions?Values define a culture's standards for good and bad, beautiful and ugly, right and wrong.How does the workplace act as an agent of socialization?It is an environment where one can acquire new perspectives of the world.Where do most people first encounter gender socialization?Family How might Charles Horton Cooley use the concept of the looking-glass self to explain the influence of media on identity and behavior?Media affects the way that people perceive themselves because media reflects society's views of itself.Which area of social life would be analyzed from the perspective of macrosociology?Social class Which agent of socialization focuses primarily on establishing norms of moral behavior?Religion How do sociologists describe the role of peers across the different stages of life?They serve as agents of socialization.Which two concepts reflect sociological ways of thinking about the development of self?The looking-glass self The generalized other What is the position of conflict theorists regarding deviance?Deviant behavior is defined by those with power.What is one factor psychologists, in contrast to sociologists, favor when explaining deviant behavior?Personality disorders What is a secondary group?A group that is created through similar interests, activities, or professions Which social theorist was the first to analyze bureaucracies as powerful forms of social organization that are concerned with the "bottom line?" Max Weber A student is well prepared for a class assignment, and she feels confident she knows the correct answers to the questions the teacher will ask during a group discussion.However, the student is reluctant to raise her hand to answer the questions to avoid making her classmates look bad.Which term explains the student's behavior within the social structure of the group?Role strain

Which social structure concept did Emile Durkheim refer to as a shared consciousness that develops from groups performing similar tasks?Mechanical solidarity Which type of influence could convince good people to participate in heinous acts, according to Stanley Milgram's research?Authority How does ranking nations by their level of global industry or their ability to industrialize describe global stratification?The greater a country's global industrialization, the more likely it is to be a first world country.What is a primary cause of global stratification? Colonialism How do educational disparities relate to economic disparities that cause global stratification?Less industrialized countries do not have the economic resources to advance their educational systems because they owe too much money to the most industrialized nations; they have to allocate too many resources toward servicing that debt.Why do conflict theorists argue that social stratification is universal?The powerful use society's resources to their benefit and to oppress others.According to the sociologists who draw upon Max Weber's ideas, which three components make up social class?Choose 3 answers Property Prestige Power What is an example of a status inconsistency?A teacher has a low income and high level of education.What is the primary determinant of social class, according to Marx?Whether a person is an owner or a worker What is one way upward mobility of African Americans affect the lifestyles of individuals?It may cause a separation from their roots and significant others.What do sociologists focus on as an explanation for why people are poor?Social structure What is the difference between race and ethnicity? Race refers to biological characteristics, and ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics.Native Americans were exposed to new diseases by white settlers and faced the destruction of their food supply from white settlers and soldiers. In some places, white people were paid a bounty if they killed a Native American.Which effect did this type of colonialism and racial discrimination have on U.S. society?The contribution of Native Americans was reduced because their population was reduced by 95%.

Which outcome for students is produced by the combination of a student's culture and racial discrimination?Latinos have the lowest percentage of high school completion.How does the symbolic interactionist describe prejudice?Prejudice is created by labels and is therefore created by selective perception.What contributes to the gender pay gap in the U.S.?Choose 2 answers Women take off longer periods of work to rear children.Women are socialized into career paths that pay less.Which condition in marriages do sociologists view as being shaped by culturally defined gender roles?Who holds decision-making power How would sociologists describe the effects of industrialization on the aging population?Living standards improve, allowing more people to reach older ages.Which perspective on aging stresses that a balance between competing groups is only temporary, and can be upset at any time?Conflict perspective Which societal problem may countries that experience rapid population growth in the coming decades experience, according to New Malthusians and conflict theorists?Competition over access to scarce resources may cause political unrest Which problem associated with urban expansion is responsible for driving up the prices of homeownership and rent in poor areas, ultimately forcing the original impoverished group out?Gentrification Where do we observe the highest rates of population growth?Least industrialized nations Match the perspective on population growth with the group which articulates each perspective.

Anti-Malthusian:

• The least industrialized nations are in stage two of their demographic transition.
• The current surge in population growth is temporary.

New Malthusian:

• The world population is following an exponential growth curve.
• We are approaching a time when food supplies will not meet the demands of

the population.There are many differences in the structure and function of marriage between traditional and industrial/postindustrial societies.Match the description of marriage with its type of society.

Traditional societies:

• Marriage is extended; it is embedded in a large kinship network of explicit

obligations.

• Marriage is encompassing; it encompasses economic production, socialization

of children, care of the sick and aged, recreation, sexual control, and reproduction.

Industrial/postindustrial societies:

• Marriage is nuclear; it has fewer expectations on the spouse's relatives.
• Marriage is limited; many functions are fulfilled by other institutions