Cancer nclex questions

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Med-Surg Ch25: Patient with Cancer...

63 terms rcs11Preview Cancer NCLEX Questions New 77 terms missangela4Preview Cancer & Oncology Nursing NCLEX ...50 terms dwren47Preview Cancer 10 terms Kat A patient who is scheduled for a right breast biopsy asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?

• "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues."
• "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location."
• "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs."
• "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells."

ANS: C

The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that malignant tumors invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues and benign tumors never metastasize. The other statements are inaccurate. Both types of tumors may cause damage to adjacent tissues. Malignant cells do not reproduce more rapidly than normal cells. Benign tumors do not usually recur.DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (comprehension) REF: 253 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

During a routine health examination, a 40-year-old patient tells the nurse about a family history of colon cancer. Which action should the nurse take next?

• Teach the patient about the need for a colonoscopy at age 50.
• Teach the patient how to do home testing for fecal occult blood.
• Obtain more information from the patient about the family history.
• Schedule a sigmoidoscopy to provide baseline data about the patient.

ANS: C

The patient may be at increased risk for colon cancer, but the nurse's first action should be further assessment. The other actions may be appropriate, depending on the information that is obtained from the patient with further questioning.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 255-256 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance A patient who is diagnosed with cervical cancer that is classified as Tis, N0, M0 asks the nurse what the letters and numbers mean. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?a."The cancer involves only the cervix." b."The cancer cells look almost like normal cells." c."Further testing is needed to determine the spread of the cancer." d."It is difficult to determine the original site of the cervical cancer."

ANS: A

Cancer in situ indicates that the cancer is localized to the cervix and is not invasive at this time. Cell differentiation is not indicated by clinical staging. Because the cancer is in situ, the origin is the cervix. Further testing is not indicated given that the cancer has not spread.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 254 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

The nurse teaches a patient who is scheduled for a prostate needle biopsy about the procedure. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates that teaching was effective?

• "The biopsy will remove the cancer in my prostate gland."
• "The biopsy will determine how much longer I have to live."
• "The biopsy will help decide the treatment for my enlarged prostate."
• "The biopsy will indicate whether the cancer has spread to other organs."

ANS: C

A biopsy is used to determine whether the prostate enlargement is benign or malignant, and determines the type of treatment that will be needed. A biopsy does not give information about metastasis, life expectancy, or the impact of cancer on the patient's life.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 256 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity The nurse teaches a postmenopausal patient with stage III breast cancer about the expected outcomes of cancer treatment. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?

• "After cancer has not recurred for 5 years, it is considered cured."
• "The cancer will be cured if the entire tumor is surgically removed."
• "Cancer is never considered cured, but the tumor can be controlled with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation."
• "I will need to have follow-up examinations for many years after I have treatment before I can be considered cured."

ANS: D

The risk of recurrence varies by the type of cancer. Some cancers are considered cured after a shorter time span or after surgery, but stage III breast cancer will require additional therapies and ongoing follow-up.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 257 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity

A patient undergoing external radiation has developed a dry desquamation of the skin in the treatment area. The nurse teaches the patient about management of the skin reaction. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates the teaching was effective?

• "I can buy some aloe vera gel to use on the area."
• "I will expose the treatment area to a sun lamp daily."
• "I can use ice packs to relieve itching in the treatment area."
• "I will scrub the area with warm water to remove the scales."

ANS: A

Aloe vera gel and cream may be used on the radiated skin area. Ice and sunlamps may injure the skin. Treatment areas should be cleaned gently to avoid further injury.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 269 TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity A patient with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences severe vomiting following each administration of chemotherapy. Which action, if taken by the nurse, is most appropriate?

• Have the patient eat large meals when nausea is not present.
• Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during chemotherapy.
• Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
• Give the patient two ounces of a citrus fruit beverage during treatments.

ANS: C

Treatment with antiemetics before chemotherapy may help prevent nausea. The patient should eat small, frequent meals. Offering food and beverages during chemotherapy is likely to cause nausea. The acidity of citrus fruits may be further irritating to the stomach.DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (application) REF: 266 TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity