chapter 27: burns

chapter 27: burns

Leave the first rating Terms in this set (105) Save what is a burnan injury to the tissues of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electric current, or radiation.what causes a burn?•Heat •Chemicals •Electric current •Radiation what influences the effects of a burn?•Burning agent •Duration of contact •Type of tissue injured

: temperature

what causes thermal burns? •Caused by flame, flash fire, scald or contact with hot objects most common type of burn thermal burn what determines the severity of a thermal burn?

• temperature of the burning agent
• duration of contact time

examples of risk reduction strategies for flame or contact burns?•Never smoke in bed.• Use child-resistant lighters.• Hold regular fire exit drills in the home.• Never leave hot oil unattended while cooking.• Never use gasoline or other flammable liquids to start a fire.• Never leave candles unattended or near open windows or curtains.• Consider a flame-retardant smoking apron for older or at-risk people.• Exercise caution when microwaving food and beverages as they can get very hot.Chemical burns are the result of contact with (blank) acids and alkalis what are the Chemical compounds in acids?

• hydrochloric
• sulphuric
• hydrofluoric acid

Chemical compounds in alkalis - calcium hydroxide

• ammonia
• ammonia hydroxide

examples of risk reduction strategies for chemical burns?•Store chemicals safely in approved contains and label clearly •Ensure safety of workers and students handling chemicals (educate) where can acid be found at home? - car batteries

• bleach
• chemical laboratories
• vinegar
• glass polish

where can alkalis be found? cement drain cleaners cleaning agents fertilizer how can a smoke and inhalation injury be caused?breathing noxious chemicals or hot air can cause damage to the tissues of the respiratory tract.how does your body protect you from smoke and inhalation?

• gases are cooled to body temperature before

they reach the lung tissue

• vocal cords and glottis close as a protective

mechanism, so damage to the respiratory mucosa occurs less often What is Smoke inhalation major predictor of?mortality in burn patients what are strategies to prevent smoke and inhalation injuries?Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors and change batteries annually types of smoke inhalation injuries - Carbon monoxide poisoning

• inhalation injury above the glottis
• inhalation injury below the glottis.

burn risk reduction for scald injuries• Lower hot water temperature to the "lowest point" or 40°C.• Use "anti-scald" devices with showerhead or faucet fixtures.• Supervise bathing of small children, older persons, or anyone with impaired physical movement, physical sensation, or judgement.• After running bath water, check temperature with back of hand or bath thermometer.

risk reduction for electrical burns • Avoid or repair frayed wiring.• Avoid outdoor activities during electrical (i.e., lightning) storms.• Ensure electrical power source is shut off before beginning repairs.• Wear protective eyewear and gloves when making electrical repairs.Manifestations of Respiratory Injury Associated with Burns Upper Airway Injury

• Edema, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, copious

secretions, stridor, substernal and intercostal retractions, total airway obstruction Lower Airway Injury

• Strongly assumed if patient was trapped in a fire

in an enclosed space or clothing caught fire and if patient has facial burns or singed nasal or facial hair; symptoms include dyspnea, carbonaceous sputum, wheezing, hoarseness, altered mental status what type of burn account for majority of deaths at a fire scene?Carbon monoxide poisoning and asphyxiation What is asphyxiation?the state or process of being deprived of oxygen, which can result in unconsciousness or death; suffocation.how is carbon monoxide produced? the incomplete combustion of burning materials what are mechanisms of carbon monoxide poisoning?subsequently inhaled and displaces oxygen (O2) on the hemoglobin molecule, causing carboxyhemoglobinemia, hypoxia, and, when the carbon monoxide levels exceed 20%, death