Chapter 29: Fluids and Electrolytes, IV therapy NCLEX questions, Unit 1: Ch. 7-

Chapter 29: Fluids and Electrolytes, IV therapy NCLEX questions, Unit 1: Ch. 7-

OTC Drugs and Herbal and Dietary Supplements NCLEX Questions, Chapter 7:

OTC Drugs and Herbal and Dietary Supplements, Ch. 6 Patient Education and Drug Therapy, Lilley Ph...Hannahfh96 Save Mosby's for the Support Worker - C...37 terms kileyrayPreview Mosby's Comprehensive Review Qu...538 terms erin112233445511 Preview Maternal HP 6) 52 terms imheretopass1 Preview Health 21 terms imh Blood The fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carrying nutriment and oxygen to the body cells. It consists of plasma, its liquid component, plus three major solid components: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets Colloids Protein substances that increase the colloid oncotic pressure Colloid oncotic pressure Another name for oncotic pressure. It is a form of osmotic pressure exerted by protein in blood plasma that tends to pull water into the circulatory system.Crystalloids Substances in a solution that diffuse through a semipermeable mebrane Dehydration Excessive loss of water from the body tissues. It is accompanied by an imbalance in concentrations of electrolytes, particularly sodium, potassium, and chloride Edema The abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces

Extracellular fluid (ECF) That portion of the body fluid comprising the interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid Gradient A difference in the concentration of a substance on two sides of a permeable barrier Homeostasis The tendency of a cell or organism to maintain equilibrium by regulating its internal environment and adjusting its physiologic processes Hyperkalemia An abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion but also caused by excessive dietary potassium or certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics of ACE inhibitors and other causes such as acidosis Hypernatremia An abnormally high sodium concentration in the blood may be due to defective renal excretion but is more commonly caused by excessive dietary sodium or replacement therapy or loss of water Hypokalemia A condition in which there is an inadequate amount of potassium in the bloodstream; possible causes include diarrhea, diuretic use, and others Hyponatremia A condition which there is an inadequate amount of sodium in the bloodstream, caused by inadequate excretion of water or by excessive water intake Interstitial fluid (ISF) The extracellular fluid that fills in the spaces between most of the cells of the body Intracellular fluid (ICF) The fluid located within cell membranes throughout most of the body; contains dissolved solutes that are essential to maintaining electrolyte balance and healthy metabolism.Intravascular fluid (IVF) The fluid inside blood vessels Isotonic Having the same concentration of solutes as another solution and hence exerting the same osmotic pressure as that solution, such as an isotonic saline solution that contains an amount of salt equal to that found in intracellular and extracellular fluid.

Osmotic pressure The pressure produced by a solution necessary to prevent the osmotic passage of solvent into it when the solution and solvent are separated by a semi-permeable membrane Plasma The watery, straw-colored fluid component of lymph and blood in which the leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets are suspended Serum The clear, cell-free portion of the blood from which fibrinogen has also been separated during the clotting process as typically carried out with a lab sample Solute A substance that is dissolved in another substance Transcellular fluid The fluid that is contained within specialized body compartments such as cerebrospinal, pleural, and synovial cavities

• Slow the IV infusion

A client had a 1000 mL bag of 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride hung at 3pm. The nurse making rounds at 3:45 pm finds that the client is complaining of a pounding headache and is dyspneic, is experiencing chills, and is apprehensive, with an increased pulse rate. The IV bag has 400 mL remaining. The nurse should take which action first?

• Call the physician
• Slow the IV infusion
• Sit the client up in bed
• Remove the IV catheter

1.Rotate the bag gently The nurse has a prescription to hang an IV bag of 1000 mL 5% dextrose in water with 20 mEq potassium chloride. The nurse should plan to do which of the following immediately after injecting the potassium chloride in to the port of the IV bag?

• Rotate the bag gently.
• Attach the tubing to the client
• Prime the tubing with the IV solution

Check the solution for yellowish discoloration

• Circulatory overload

A client with the recent diagnosis of MI and impaired renal function is recuperating on the step-down cardiac unit. The client's blood pressure has been borderline low and IV fluids have been infusing at 100 mL /hr via a central line catheter in the right internal jugular for approx 24 hours to increase renal output and maintain the blood pressure. Upon entering the client's room, the nurse notes that the client is breathing rapidly and is coughing. The nurse determines that the client is most likely experiencing which complication of IV therapy.

• Hematoma
• Air embolism
• Systemic infection
• Circulatory overload

• Infiltration

The nurse is making initial rounds on the nursing unit to assess the condition of assigned clients. The nurse notes that a client's IV site is cool, pale, and swollen, and the solution is not infusing. The nurse concludes that which of the following complications has occurred.

• Infection
• Phlebitis
• Infiltration
• Thrombosis
• Blood return shows in the backflash chamber of the catheter.

The nurse is inserting an IV line into a client's vein. After the initial stick, the nurse continues to advance the catheter if:

• The catheter advances easily
• The vein is distended under the needle
• The client does not complain of discomfort
• Blood return shows in the backflash chamber of the catheter.
• Phlebitis of the vein

The nurse nostes that the site of a client's peripheral IV catheter is reddened, warm, painful, and slightly edematous proximal to the insertion point of the IV catheter. After taking appropriate steps to care for the client, the nurse documents in the medical record that the client

experienced:

• Phlebitis of the vein
• Infiltration of the IV line
• Hypersensitivity to the IV solution
• Allergic reaction to the IV catheter material
• Obtain new IV tubing

The nurse is preparing a continuous IV infusion at the medication cart. As the nurse goes to attach the distal end of the IV tubing to a needleless device,the exposed tubing drops and hits the top of the medication cart. Which of the following is the appropriate action by the nurse?

• Obtain new IV tubing
• Attach a new needleless device.
• Wipe the distal end of the tubing with Betadine
• Scrub the needleless device with an alcohol swab
• Sterile 2x2 gauze

A physician has written a prescription to discontinue an IV line. The nurse obtains which of the following supplies from the unit supply area for applying pressure to the site after removing the IV catheter?

• Elastic wrap
• Betadine swab
• Adhesive bandage
• Sterile 2x2 gauze