COMSAE 107 EXAM ACTUAL 716 QUESTIONS

COMSAE 107 EXAM (ACTUAL / ) 716 QUESTIONS

AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

DMARD drug for UC/Crohns/RA - <>>sulfasalazine

pulmonary effects of CF - <>>chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis

osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - <>>(spongy and ) trabecular bone mass loss

imipramine - <>>TCA

SE: Tri-Cs

convulsions coma cardiotox

antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic hypotension- block alpha1)

beta blockers for asthma - <>>none- even beta 1s can be nonselective at higher doses

what kind of teratogenic effects are seen w ACE/ARBs - <>>fetal renal agenesis

stones bones groans moans psych overtones - <>>high Ca or PTH

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PTH is made by what cells? - <>>chief cells of parathyroid gland

PTH inhibits reabsorption of phosphate where? increases calcium resorption where? - <>>PO4- proximal tubule ca- DCT Mitral Stenosis - <>>follows opening snap which is due to abrupt halt in leaflet motion in diastole, after rapid opening due to fusion at leaflet tips.delayes rumbling late diastolic murmur. LA>>LV pressure during diastole.often occurs secondary to rheumatic fever. chronic MS can result in LA dilation. Enhanced by maneuvers that increase LA return (e.g. expiration)

PDA - <>>continuous machine like murmer. loudest at S2. often due to congenital rubella or prematurity. best heard at left infraclavicular area.

normal pressure in the right atrium is? - <>><5 mmHg

normal pressure in the right ventricle? - <>>25/5 mmHg

normal pressure in the left atrium? - <>><12 mmHg

normal pressure in the left ventricle? - <>>130/0 mmHg

normal pressure in ascending aorta/ aortic arch? - <>>130/90 mmHg

normal pressure in pulmonary artery/pulmonary trunk? - <>>25/10 mmHg pulmonary artery is where PCWP is measures and is usually <12 mmHg.

PCWP in mmHg is a good approximation of left atrial pressure. In mitral stenosis, PCWP is greater than LV diastolic pressure. 2 / 4

PCWP is measures with a pulmonary artery catheter (Swan - Ganz catheter).

Hyaline Casts - <>>solidified Tamm - Horsfall mucoprotein that is secreted from the tubular epithelial cells of individual nephrons. They are increased in the urine when there is low urine flow, concentrated urine, or an acidic renal environment. Therefore, they are commonly increased in individuals with normal renal function who are severely dehydrated or after vigorous excercise.

Fatty Casts - <>>most commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome. Patients with nephrotic syndrome have hyperlipidemia and lipiduria because increased liver production of albumin leads indirectly to an increase in LDL and VLDL synthesis. Fatty casts form as the resultant lipid - rich epithelial cells are broken down in the glomeruli.

HLA-A3 - <>>associated with hemochromatosis

HLA-B8 - <>>associated with Grave's Disease

HLA-B27 - <>>associated with psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease and reiters syndrome.

HLA-DR3 - <>>associated with DM type 1

maneuvers that increase pre load - <>>mueller maneuver squatting

maneuver that increases afterload - <>>handgrip

maneuvers that decrease preload - <>>valsalva and standing 3 / 4

Metoclopramide - <>>an antiemetic and prokinetic drug for the GI tract. It stimulates peristalsis by antagonizing D2 (dopamine) receptors, thereby increasing resting tone, contractility LES tone, and overall motility. Used to treat Diabetic gastroporesis SE - extrapyramidal symptoms like parkinsonism and dystonia.

Meclizine - <>>an antihistamine used for nausea and motion sickness. it has anticholinergic properties and can thus produe drowsiness and dry mouth

Anion Gap Equation - <>>Na-Cl-bicarb normal is bw 8-16

MUDPILERS - <>>Methanol Uremia Diabetic Ketoacidosis Propylene Glycol Isoniazid Lactic Acidosis Ethylene Glycol/ Alcohol Renal Failure (chronic) Salicylates (aspirin)

Alzheimer Disease - <>>decrease acetylcholine level from a deficiency of choline acetyltransferase most notably in the basal nucleus of meynert which participates in memory and cognition also decreased levels in the hippocampus

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