COMSAE ALL Exams BUNDLED

COMSAE ALL Exams BUNDLED TOGETHER (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A

Question:

Kernig's sign

Answer:

can indicate either subarachnoid hemorrhage or meningitis

Question:

enterovirus 71

Answer:

can cause hand foot mouth dz & severe neurological sx in children.responsible for small epidemics in 1970s

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Question:

porphyromonas gingivalis

Answer:

is culprit in periodontal dz and is linked to rheumatic fever

Question:

ascaris lumbricoides

Answer:

dxed by fecal smear, and is found in latin america

Question:

Balantidium coli

Answer:

• In trophozoites, the 2 nuclei are visible. The macronucleus is long &

sausage-shaped, & spherical micronucleus is nested next to it, often hidden by macronucleus.

• Balantidium coli is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans→

Balantidiasis is a zoonotic dz & is acquired by humans via feco-oral route from normal host, pig, where it is asymptomatic.

• Contaminated water is MC mechanism of transmission
• In acute dz, explosive diarrhea may occur as often as every 20mins→

Perforation of colon may also occur in acute infections which can lead to life- threatening situations 2 / 4

Question:

Isosporiasis

Answer:

• The coccidian parasite Isospora belli infects epithelial cells of S.I., & is least

common of 3 intestinal coccidia that infect humans (Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, & Isospora)

• Infection causes acute, non-bloody diarrhea w/crampy abd pain, which can

last for weeks & result in malabsorption & weight loss

• In immunodepressed pts, & in infants & children, diarrhea can be severe.
• Eosinophilia may be present (diff from other protozoan infections)

Question:

Cilostazol

Answer:

Cilostazol is approved for tx of intermittent claudication

Question:

Quadrigeminal cistern

Answer:

Superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein

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Question:

Duret haemorrhage

Answer:

• Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding w/in ventral & paramedian

parts of upper brainstem, (midbrain & pons)

• They are secondary to raised intracranial pressure w/formation of a

transtentorial pressure cone involving cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) & other midbrain structures caused by ↑ pressure above tentorium

• Kernohan's notch is a groove w/in cerebral peduncle that may be caused by

displacement of the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium

• The resulting ipsilateral hemiparesis is a FALSE localizing sign, known as

Kernohan-Woltman syndrome→ This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation & Subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass

Question:

1mo development

Answer:

1mo Development:

focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound, turns head to sound

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