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Chapter 01 - Describing Data with Graphs

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• A variable is a characteristic that changes or varies over time, and/or for different individuals or objects under

consideration. An experimental unit is the individual or object on which a variable is measured.

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• Bar and pie charts are graphical techniques for qualitative data. The former focus the attention on the

frequency of the occurrences of the categories, and the later emphasize the percentage of occurrences of each category.

• True
• False

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• In a sample of 1000 students in a university, 125 of them or 12.5% are biology majors. The 12.5% is an

example of statistical inference.

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• False

ANSWER: False

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• Individual observations within each class may be found in a frequency distribution.
• True
• False

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• Twenty-five percent of a sample of 200 professional tennis players indicated that their parents did not play

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tennis. This is an example of descriptive statistics as opposed to inferential statistics.

• True
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• A local cable system using a sample of 1000 subscribers estimates that fifty percent of its subscribers watch

premium channel at least five times per week. This is an example of inferential statistics as opposed to descriptive statistics.

• True
• False

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• Statistical inference is the process of making an estimate, prediction, or decision about a population based on

sample data.

• True
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• In the term "frequency distribution," frequency refers to the number of data values or measurements falling

within each class.

• True
• False

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• A branch of the statistics discipline that is used to develop and utilize techniques for effectively presenting 2 / 4

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numerical information is called inferential statistics.

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• A branch of the statistics discipline that is used to develop and utilize techniques for properly making

inferences about population characteristics from information contained in a sample drawn from this population is called inferential statistics.

• True
• False

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• Persons or objects that have characteristics of interest to statisticians are called variables.
• True
• False

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• A qualitative variable about which observations can be made in only two categories is a bivariate data set.
• True
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• A variable that is normally described in words rather than numerically is a qualitative variable.
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• False

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• A discrete quantitative variable is one that can assume values only at specific points on an interval of

values, with inevitable gaps between them.

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• False

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• A continuous quantitative variable is one that can assume values at all points on an interval of values, with

no gaps between possible values.

• True
• False

ANSWER: True

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• Persons or objects on which an experiment is performed are called experimental units.
• True
• False

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• Groupings of data, created to enhance an understanding of them, usually by making the groups collectively

exhaustive and mutually exclusive are called classes or categories.

• True
• False
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