Diabetes/Hyperglycemia Nclex Questions

diabetes/hyperglycemia nclex questions ScienceMedicineNursing Wendeesue Save Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX Style Ques...Teacher 36 terms ssandholmPreview Diabetes Mellitus Complications (H...24 terms student_257Preview Anemia NCLEX Questions-New 30 terms wnguyen1589Preview Diabet 19 terms adr The nurse is caring for a client who has normal glucose levels at bedtime, hypoglycemia at 2am and hyperglycemia in the morning. What is this client likely experiencing?

Answers:

• Dawn phenomenon
• Somogyi effect
• An insulin spike
• Excessive corticosteroids

. B, Somogyi effect The Somogyi effect is when blood sugar drops too low in the morning causing rebound hyperglycemia in the morning. The hypoglycemia at 2am is highly indicative. The Dawn phenomenon is similar but would not have the hypoglycemia at 2am.The nurse is caring for a patient whose blood glucose level is 55mg/dL. What is the likely nursing response?

Answers:

• Administer a glucagon injection
• Give a small meal
• Administer 10-15 grams of a carbohydrate
• Give a small snack of high protein food

C Administer 10-15 grams of a carbohydrate The client has low hypoglycemia. This is generally treated with a small snack.

What insulin type can be given by IV? Select all that apply:

Answers:

• Glipizide (Glucotrol)
• Lispro (Humalog)
• NPH insulin
• Glargine (Lantus)
• Regular insulin

E Regular insulin The only insulin that can be given by IV is regular insulin.A client with type II diabetes is being educated about what to do if he catches the flu or a cold. What is something he should be informed of?

Answers:

• Discontinue Metformin (glucophage)
• Expect hyperglycemia
• Add 2-3 more snacks to diet
• Come into the hospital for monitoring

B Expect hyperglycemia The body's natural reaction to illness is to release glucose. As such, diabetics can expect to face increased hyperglycemia in addition to their illness.In educating a client about Type II Diabetes, what would be a proper explanation for poor wound healing?

Answers:

• High blood glucose damages capillaries
• Swings in blood sugar prevent proper clotting
• The pancreas fails to secrete the proper chemicals
• Ketosis prevents proper healing

A High blood glucose damages capillaries High blood glucose damages capillaries which prevent proper healing.When does regular insulin generally have peak action after application?

Answers:

• 30-45 minutes
• 45-60 minutes
• 1-2 hours
• 2-3 hours

D 1-2 hours The exact details depend on various factors, but 2-3 hours for peak action of regular insulin is an accepted range.

In educating a client with diabetes, what response would reveal need for further education?

Answers:

• I should avoid tights
• I should take good care of my toe nails
• I should not go more than 3 days without washing my feet
• I should avoid going barefoot and should wear clean socks

C I should not go more than 3 days without washing my feet The recommended self-care routine is to wash feet on a daily basis without soaking and carefully cleaning.A client with diabetes and coronary heart disease is being evaluated for treatment. In light of the heart condition, which medication option is more likely to be an issue?

Answers:

• Metformin (Glucophage)
• Pioglitazone (Actos)
• Insulin
• Sitagliptin (Januvia)

B Pioglitazone (Actos) Cardiac safety of diabetes meds is a very complex subject. That said, pioglitazone is known to possibly have issues.What is NOT true of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) compared to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Answers:

• HHNS is found mainly in Type II Diabetes
• Both have high levels of hyperglycemia
• Both typically are treated with insulin
• In HHNS, blood pH tends to drop

D In HHNS, blood pH tends to drop In HHNS, you tend to avoid the decrease in pH and ketosis (hence nonketotic) that often occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis. Remember that the two are very similar otherwise.

Insulin lipodystrophy should be treated in part by:

Answers:

A.

• Balancing diet and snack routine
• Reduction of insulin dose
• Adding an oral glycemic medication

A Alternating insulin injection sites Alternating insulin injection sites helps avoid lipodystrophy, which is a lump or dent in the skin that can be caused by using the same site for injections. Terms (10) Hide definitions