ELEVENTH EDITION - ELEVENTH EDITION David A. Woodman Gerald D....

Experiments in Physiology Instructor’s Manual

ELEVENTH EDITION

David A. Woodman Gerald D. Tharp 1 / 4

v 100 ml 0.5 M urea (3 g/100 ml) 100 ml 0.5 M glycerine (4.6 g/100 ml) 100 ml 0.5 M glucose (9 g/100 ml) 100 ml 0.5 M sucrose (17.1 g/100 ml) 100 ml 22 M methyl alcohol (70.5 g/100 ml) 100 ml 8.5 M ethyl alcohol (39.1 g/100 ml) 100 ml 3 M propyl alcohol (18 g/100 ml) 100 ml 1.1 M isobutyl alcohol (8.15 g/100 ml) 100 ml 1.1 M n-butyl alcohol (8.15 g/100 ml) 100 ml 0.38 M amyl or iso-amyl alcohol (33.5 g/100 ml) 15 L distilled water Paper tissues

• Vernier or PowerLab data acquisition units,

conductivity probes or pods, and conductivity electrodes

• Mac or Windows computers
• Renal Physiology

24 urinalysis bottles 4–6 vials Labstix tests 4–6 thermometers 6–12 1qt. Gatorade or Powerade bottles 24 8-oz drinking cups 4–6 large biohazard bags to dispose of urinanalysis cups and test strips 15 urinometers 12 100-ml graduated cylinders

• 500-ml beakers

24 test tubes, medicine droppers 150 ml 20% potassium chromate 200 ml 2.9% silver nitrate in amber bottle (make fresh daily)

• types of synthetic urines containing abnormal

amounts of glucose, pH, ketones, proteins, and blood

• vials of Clinitest tablets

pHydrion ® strips 4–6 ring stands 10 L distilled water Paper tissues 4–6 Vernier or PowerLab data acquisition units and conductivity electrodes

• Mac or Windows computers

In general, the quantities provided are those needed for one laboratory of 20–24 students working in teams of 3–4 students. This list includes material for all activities in every exercise. For the specific materials required for each individual activity, see the materials list that precedes each activity in the lab manual.

• Fundamental Physiological

Principles 75 ml concentrated HCl and NaOH

• L phosphate buffer solution
• 250-ml beakers
• L distilled water
• pH meters (per group)
• medicine droppers
• stirring rods
• Vernier or PowerLab data acquisition units

and pH electrodes

• Mac or Windows computers
• Movement Through Membranes

240 ml mammalian blood (citrated or oxalated)

• microscopes

30 microscope slides, cover slips, toothpicks, medicine droppers

• beets (fresh, not canned)
• potatoes

110 small test tubes (10 ml or less)

• 10-ml graduated cylinders
• cork borers (8- to 10-mm in diameter)

30 test tubes (15–20 ml) 12 glass tubing, small bore, 3-ft long 12 ring stands and burette clamps, metric rulers 12 sacs (dialysis tubing), heavy string, tape 30 250-ml beakers

• 800-ml beakers

Methylene blue crystals 1.8 L 30% sucrose solution with a little Congo Red dye 1.8 L 60% sucrose solution with a little Congo Red dye NaCl solutions (10%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 0.9%, 0.6%, 0.5%,

0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%)

350 ml liquid soap solution Materials and Equipment for Experiments 2 / 4

vi Materials and Equipment for Experiments

• 2 * 2 in. square pieces of cardboard
• 1-L beakers
• L each of water at three temperatures (5°C, 25°C, 45°C)
• watches that tick loudly
• stethoscopes
• 512-Hz tuning forks

1-2 audiometers Coins (pennies, nickels, dimes) Cotton balls

8 Sensory Physiology II: Vision

• flashlights 12 3” * 5” unlined cards
• metric rulers

Snellen eye chart

• dies or other three-dimensional objects
• needles

Thread

• sets of colored paper (white, red, green, yellow)
• Ishihara

® test chart books

• Holmgren’s yarn test kits
• Cenco or Ingersoll eye models with associated lenses
• perimeters with color disks (white, red, blue, green)

24 perimeter charts (left and right eye)

• cow or sheep eyes (keep frozen until used)
• sets of dissection instruments (forceps and scissors)
• candles

Matches or lighters 1-2 ophthalmoscopes

• Reproductive Physiology
• male rats per group, 75–100 g (needed 2 weeks prior

to final lab)

• female rats per group, 75–100 g (needed 2 weeks

prior to final lab)

• immature female rats or mice (15 to 25 days old)

(needed 1 week prior to final lab)

• desiccators for isoflurane anesthesia, ether
• precision balances (0.1 g readability)
• 50 ml isoflurane cones (large test tubes with cotton)
• ketamine-xylazine anesthetic cocktails

12 pairs of heavy gloves Sterile gauze Cotton

• scale for weighing rats

1 each: analytical balance, triple beam balance,

weighing papers, wound clips and applicator pliers, animal clippers, ear tags

• Neuroanatomy
• sheep brains with hypophysis and cranial

nerves intact

• dissecting trays
• sets of dissection instruments (forceps and scalpels)
• boxes of long handled cotton swabs or Q-tips
• small vials, each with cotton balls with drops

of vanilla, lavender, or other chemicals with strong fragrances 12 pairs disposable latex or nitrile gloves Models and charts of the central nervous system (spinal cord, spinal cord cross-section, spinal nerves, human brain)

• Membrane Action Potentials
• live frogs
• sets of dissection instruments (forceps, scissors,

and needles) 12 glass probes

• sets of oscilloscopes, nerve chambers, and

connecting cables

• PowerLab data acquisition units and cables
• Mac or Windows computers
• electronic stimulators (like Grass Technologies

SD-9) and electrodes

• 50-ml beakers and medicine droppers
• L each of frog Ringer’s solution (10°C, 25°C, 35°C)

100 ml 50% ethyl alcohol 100 ml 1% procaine 100 ml 0.3 M KCl solution

• sets of Gaskell clamps

Cotton string, ice

• Reflex Functions

12 reaction time apparatuses 6 stopwatches 1 swivel armchair with casters removed 6 flashlights 6 reflex hammers 6 BIOPAC ® SS10L hand switches

• pairs of BIOPAC

® OUT1 headphones

• computers with BIOPAC

®

Student Lab Software 7 Sensory Physiology I:

Cutaneous, Hearing

• compasses or esthesiometers
• sets of brass weights (1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 50-, 200-g sets) 3 / 4

Materials and Equipment for Experiments vii 150 ml dairy cream Bile salts 11 Smooth Muscle Motility

• physiological recorders with muscle transducers 6-10 adult female rats, 150–200 g Dissection instruments 6 muscle warmers and aeration apparatuses

(aquarium pumps)

• 37°C water baths
• gas anesthesia chambers (desiccators fitted

for gassing)

• L Locke’s solution at 37°C (per group)

250 ml epinephrine (1:10,000)

250 ml acetylcholine (1:10,000)

250 ml pilocarpine (1:1000)

250 ml atropine sulfate (1:4000)

250 ml BaC 12 (0.6% solution) 250 ml HCl (2% solution) 250 ml NaOH (2% solution)

• L glucose (5.4% solution)

12 Regulation of Blood Glucose 100 Testape strips (Lilly) or similar product 6 glucometers and test strips 24 Unistik-3 single use lancets or similar single -use disposable sterile lancets 20–24 urinalysis bottles Solution containing 75 g glucose/500 ml or commercial glucose tolerance test Beverage such as Trutol

• L ml 70% ethanol

Cotton 13 Measurement of Metabolic Rate

• respirometers (Collins 1 3.5-L) and accessories 6 metabolators 1 oxygen tank with regulator, 100% O

2 Soda lime

• adult rats, (150–200 g)
• adult mice
• rat respirometers
• mouse respirometers

Manometer fluid (Krebs or Brodie) Animal scales

• pairs of heavy gloves

24 disposable mouthpieces 70% alcohol

• sets of sterile surgical instruments (forceps

and scissors) 18 1-ml insulin syringes

• hot plates or water baths
• microscopes

Slides, cover slips, lens paper, toothpicks Thick string Large plastic bags for disposing of rats

• Curved suturing needles and suture thread

300 ml mammalian Ringer’s solution 300 ml 70% alcohol 95% ethanol Giemsa stain Betadine antiseptic

• ml testosterone, aqueous (Lilly #598, 25 mg/ml)
• ml estrogens, aqueous (Parke Davis Theelin #3540-1,
• mg/ml)

100 ml synthetic urine (0.9% NaCl plus yellow food coloring) 100 ml synthetic urine plus 100 units/ml of chorionic gonadotropin Chorionic gonadotropin, 2500 IU per vial

• early pregnancy test strips or other similar

commercial product 10 Digestion 150 ml salivary amylase sol (400 units per 100 ml)

• units of Sigma A-1031 (Sigma-Aldrich)

90 test tubes (15–20 ml)

• test tube clamps
• graduated cylinders (10 ml)
• hot plates
• scalpels

Paraffin pHydrion strips

• water baths (at 37°C) with test tube stands
• hard-boiled egg whites

15 ml 1% acetic acid 150 ml 1% pancreatin solution in 0.2% Na

• CO

3 150 ml 0.5% starch paste 75 ml Lugol’s solution 100 ml Benedict’s solution 150 ml 5% pepsin solution 100 ml 0.5% HCl 100 ml concentrated HCl 100 ml 0.5% NaOH Ice 500 ml distilled water Litmus powder

• / 4