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Exam 1: BIOS 251 / BIOS251 (
Update 2025 / 2026) Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab Questions and Answers - Chamberlain
Question:
What are two signal transduction mechanisms
Answer:
intracellular receptor mediated responses
membrane-bound receptor mediated responses
some receptors are located inside the cell, others are membrane proteins
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Question:
actions of intracellular receptor-mediated messengers on target cell
Answer:
- messenger has to be able to diffuse into cell (i.e., lipid soluble)
- receptor can be in cytoplasm or in nucleus ---> alter protein synthesis
Question:
what are the 3 main membrane receptor mediated responses?
Answer:
channel-linked receptors enzyme-linked receptors G-protein-linked receptors 2 / 4
Question:
signal amplification via G protein
Answer:
many intracellular regulatory proteins from a few extracellular messengers
Question:
channel-linked receptors
Answer:
receptors that open/close ion channels in response to messenger binding = ligand (chemical) gated ion channels
Question:
ligand-gated channels
Answer:
- open or close in response to binding of ligand to receptor
- open channels correspond to increased permeability (allow diffusion of
- has two main categories
ions)
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Question:
what is a ligand
Answer:
messenger that binds to receptor/channel
Question:
what are the two main categories of ligand-gated channels
Answer:
fast and slow channels
Question:
fast channels
Answer:
receptor and channel are same protein
Question:
slow channels
Answer:
receptor coupled to channel by G protein
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