Exam Cram NCLEX-PN PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Disease NCLEX PN ScienceMedicinePulmonology brandi_mclain Save Exam Cram NCLEX-PN PRACTICE Q...103 terms summer3266Preview Diseases to know for NCLEX 43 terms baileyyoungblood Preview Diseases/Conditions to Know for N...41 terms Brooke011501Preview NCLEX 15 terms hai Pulmonary Valve Stenosis is a condition in which a deformity on or near your pulmonary valve, the valve that influences the blood flow from your heart to your lungs, slows the blood flow.Cx: COngenital, endocarditis, rheumatic fever (A disease that can result from inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever)

Sx: fainting, SOB, Palpitations, cuanosis, poor wt gain

Tests: cardiac cath, ECG, CXR, Echocardiogram

Tx: prostaglandins, dieuretics, anti-arrythimics, blood thinners, valvuloplasty

ARDS (Acute resp distress syndrome) Low O2 levels cx by build up of fluid in the lungs and inflammation of lung tissue

Cx: Trauma, chemical inhalation, pneumonia, septic shock

Sx: Low BP, rapid breathing, SOB, cyanosis

Tests: ABG, CBC, Cultures CXR

Tx: Echocardiogram, Auscultation, Mechanical Ventilation, tx underlying problem

Monitor pt for: pulmonary fibrosis, multiple system organ failure, Vantilator associated pneumonia, acidosis, resp failure

Resp Acidosis Build-up of carbon dioxide in the lungs that causes acid-base imbalances and the body becomes acidic Cx: COPD, Airway obstruction, hypoventilation syndrome, severe scoliosis, severe asthma

Sx: Chronic cough, wheezing, SOB, Confusion, Fatigue

Tests: CAT scan

ABG Pulmonary Function Test

Tx: Mechanical vent, bronchodilators

Chart Respiratory Alkalosis

Cx: Anxiety, fever, hyperventilation

Sx: Dizziness, numbness

Tests: ABG, CXR, Pulmonary function test

Sx: Dizziness, numbness

Tx: Paper bag tech, Increase CO2 levels

RSV spread by contact, virus can survive for various time periods on different surfaces

Cx: COPD, panic attacks, stree

Sx: Fever, SOB, Cyanosis, Wheezing, nasal congestion, croupy cough

Tx: Ribvirin, Vent in severe cases, IV fluids, Bronchodilators

Tests: ABG, CXR-------a medication called PALIVIZUMAB may prevent RSV infections and protect high-risk babies from serious complications of RSV infection

Monitor for: pneumonia, resp failure, otitis media

Pneumothorax Collapsed lung due to air in pleural space. build-up of a gas in the pleural cavities

Sx: SOB, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Anxiety, CXR, Poor breath sounds

Tests: ABG

Tx: Chest tube insertion, admin of O2

Hyperventilation

Cx: COPD, panic attacks, stress, ketoacidosis, aspirin overdose, anxiety

Apnea No spontaneous breathing Cx: Obstructive speep apnea, seizures, cariac arrhythmias, brain injury, nervous system dysfunction, drug overdose, prematurity, bronchospasm, encephalitis, choking Lung Surgery Cx: Cancer, lung abscesses, atelectasis, emphysema, pneumothorax, tumors, bronchiectasis Pneumonia viruses the primary cause in young children, bacteria the primary cx in adults. Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia

Sx: fever, headache, ribavirin, SOB, COugh, chest pain

Tests: CXR, Pulmonary perfusion scan, CBC, cultures of sputum, crackles

Tx: antibiotics (bacterial), resp tx, steroids, IV fluids, vaccine Tx

Pulmonary actinomycosis bacteria infection of the lungs caused by (propionbacteria or actinomyces)

Cx: Microorganisms

Sx: Pleural effusions, Favial lesions, Chest pain, cough, wt loss, fever

Tests: CBC, Lung biopsy, thoracentesis, CT scan, bronchoscopy

Monitor for: Emphysema, Meningitis, Osteomyelitis

Alveolar proteinosis a build-up of a phospholipid in the lungs were CO2 and O2 are transferred

Cx: may be associated with infection, Genetic disorder 30-50 yrs. old

Sx: wt loss, fatigue, cough, fever, SOB

Tests: CXR, presence of crackles, CT scan, bronchoscopy, ABG- low O2 levels, Pulmonary function tests

Tx: Lung transplant, special lavage of the lungs

Pulmonary hypertension elevated BP in the lung arteries

Cx: may be genetically linked, more predominant in women

Sx: fainting, fatigue, chest pain, SOB c activity, LE edema, weakness

Tests: Pulmonary arteriogram, CXR, ECG, Pulmonary function tests, CT scan, cardiac cath Tx: manage symptoms, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, heart/lung transplant if necessary Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas a confenital defect were lung arteries and veins from improperly, and a fistula is formed creating poor oxygenation of blood Sx: SOB c activity, presence of a murmur, cyanosis, clubbing, paradoxical embolism

Tests: CT scan, pulmonary arteriogram, low O2 sat levels, elevated RBC's

Tx: Surgery, emolization

Pulmonary Aspergilloma fungal infection of the lung cavities causing abscesses

Cx: fungus aspergillus

Sx: Wheezing, SOB, Chest pain, fever, cough

Tests: CT scan, sputum culture, serum precipitans, CXR, bronchoscopy

Tx: Surgery, antifungal meds