Explanation: A CORRECT. Quality improvement QI consists of continuous self-review with

Chapter 1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Services 1) Which of the following refers to a program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS system?

• Quality improvement
• System

effectiveness management

• Process Improvement Plan (PIP)

D) Total quality system

Answer: A

Explanation: A) CORRECT. Quality improvement (QI) consists of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying aspects of the EMS system that require improvement, with subsequent action plans to make necessary changes.B) INCORRECT. System effectiveness management does not refer to a program of evaluating and improving an EMS system.C) INCORRECT. A program or process for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of an EMS system is not referred to as a Process Improvement Program.D) INCORRECT. The term "total quality system" does not refer to a program for improving the effectiveness of EMS systems.

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Objective: 1.2

2) Which of the following groups is credited with developing the earliest documented emergency medical service?

• The Spanish
• The Egyptians
• The Mayans

D) The French

Answer: D

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The Spanish did not develop the first documented emergency medical service; the French did in the 1700s.B) INCORRECT. Although known for progress in technical areas, the Egyptians were not responsible for the first documented emergency medical service. In 1790, the French first began transporting wounded soldiers away from battlefields and to waiting medical care.C) INCORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in France in 1790, nearly a thousand years after the Mayan civilization disappeared.D) CORRECT. The earliest documented emergency medical service was in 1790 when the French began transporting wounded soldiers from the scenes of battle to waiting physicians.

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Objective: 1.1

Test Bank for Emergency Care, 14e By Limmer, O'Keefe, Dickinson (All Chapters Download link at the end of this file) 1 / 4

3) In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged which of the following agencies with the development of emergency medical service standards?

• U.S. Department of Transportation
• U.S. Department of the Interior
• U.S. Department of Health Services
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Answer: A

Explanation: A) CORRECT. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) with developing EMS standards and assisting the states to upgrade the quality of their prehospital emergency care.

• INCORRECT. The U.S. Department of the Interior is charged with the management and

conservation of federal land and the country's natural resources. The Department of Transportation was charged with developing EMS standards.

• INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is charged with

protecting the health of all Americans, the United States Department of Transportation was assigned the task of developing emergency medical service standards.

• INCORRECT. Although the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is tasked with protecting

the nation from threats, it was established in 2002 and did not exist in 1966. It was the U.S.Department of Transportation that was charged with developing EMS standards.

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Objective: 1.1

4) Centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and care most refers to which of the following?

• Emergency preparedness plan
• Trauma system
• Resource management
• Central deployment

Answer: C

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. Emergency preparedness plans are usually developed to guide the actions of a specific group of people at the outset of an emergency, with the goal of protecting people and/or property. They generally will not address the specifics of medical care or transport.

• INCORRECT. A trauma system is an organized, coordinated effort between facilities and

responders within a defined geographic area to deliver a full range of care to injured patients. It does not address the coordination of basic (non-trauma) emergency care or transportation.

• CORRECT. Resource management refers to the centralized coordination of an emergency

response so that all victims have equal access to basic emergency care and are transported by certified personnel, in a licensed and equipped ambulance, to an appropriate facility.

• INCORRECT. The centralized coordination of emergency medical access, transportation, and

care within an EMS system is not referred to as central deployment.

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Objective: 1.1

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5) Which of the following agencies is responsible for establishing EMS system assessment programs?

• Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
• United States Health Services Agency (HSA)

Answer: C

Explanation: A) INCORRECT. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is not responsible for EMS system assessment programs.

• INCORRECT. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) does not establish EMS

system assessment programs.

• CORRECT. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Technical

Assistance Program has established assessment programs with set standards for EMS systems.

• INCORRECT. The United States Department of Health and Human Services has no oversight

of EMS systems.

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Objective: 1.1

6) Why is research published in a medical journal more authoritative than the information in a typical article published in an EMS magazine?

• Research in medical journals is original and peer reviewed.
• EMS magazine articles tend to be poorly researched.
• EMS articles are generally opinion pieces.
• Medical journals don't rely on advertising revenue as EMS magazines do.

Answer: A

Explanation: A) CORRECT. The research that is published in medical journals is peer reviewed.This means that the research was submitted to a professional journal and reviewed by several of the researcher's peers. This process helps to ensure that the research methods and results are accurate and high quality. This research is published in peer-reviewed journals. Articles in EMS magazines do not present original, peer-reviewed research.

• INCORRECT. EMS magazine articles may be well researched.
• INCORRECT. An EMS magazine article may not be an opinion piece.
• INCORRECT. Reliance on advertising revenue, or lack thereof, is not what makes the

research presented in medical journals authoritative.

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Objective: 1.4

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7) What has the modern emergency medical services (EMS) system been developed to provide?

• Hospital-quality care at the emergency scene and during transport
• Prompt emergency response to the scene regardless of risk
• Safe emergency transportation that postpones care to arrival
• Trained medical personnel who can manage emergencies entirely at the scene

Answer: A

Explanation: A) CORRECT. In 1966 the National Highway Safety Act charged the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) with assisting the states in upgrading the quality of their prehospital emergency care.

• INCORRECT. Prompt responses are an important part of any EMS system, but not only that,

and not regardless of risk.

• INCORRECT. Safe emergency transportation is only part of what modern EMS systems were

developed for, and not postponing care to arrival.

• INCORRECT. Modern EMS systems were designed to provide more than just trained

medical personnel, and care that continues during transport to the hospital.

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Objective: 1.1

8) Which of the following is the most common gateway for hospital services for patients who need emergency medical assistance?

• Emergency department
• Emergency medical services system
• Surgical services department
• Emergency medical dispatch center

Answer: A

Explanation: A) CORRECT. The emergency department serves as the gateway for the rest of the services offered by a hospital.

• INCORRECT. The EMS system is not generally involved with hospital services other than

the emergency department.

• INCORRECT. Although an important component of a hospital's services, not all emergency

medical patients will require surgery.

• INCORRECT. An emergency medical dispatch center coordinates transports to the hospitals,

but is not involved in determining or promoting specific hospital services.

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Objective: 1.1

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