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Finall Exam:l NRl 568/l NR568l (Latestl
2026/l 2027l Update)l Advancedl Pharmacologyl forl thel Adult-Gerontologyl Primaryl Carel Nursel Practitionerl Guidel |Q/Al |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Answers)l -Chamberlain
Q:l Valproicl acidl (depakote)l -l indication
Answer:
importantl antiseizurel drugl usedl widelyl tol treatl alll majorl seizurel typesl (prophylaxisl migraine)
Q:l valproicl acidl MOA
Answer:
thel inhibitoryl influencel ofl GABAl orl increasel GABAl concentrationl inl thel brain.
Q:l valproicl acidl blackl box
Answer:
Fatall hepaticl failurel hasl occurred;l Don'tl usel withl pre-existingl liverl conditions Fatall andl rapidlyl progressingl pancreatitisl hasl occurred.l Commonl symptomsl includel nausea,l vomiting,l anorexia,l andl abdominall pain.Valproatel isl highlyl teratogenic.l Neonatesl whol survivel mayl havel majorl congenitall malformationsl andl decreasedl mentall capacity.
Q:l Succinimidesl likel ethosuximidel arel forl whatl seizures 1 / 4
Answer:
absencel seizures
Q:l Ethosuximidel (otherl Methsuximide)l moal &l indication
Answer:
inhibitsl low-thresholdl calciuml currentsl inl thel thalamus,l suppressingl thel generationl ofl absencel seizures.Succinimidesl eliminatel absencel seizuresl inl 60%l ofl clientsl andl achievel practicall controll inl 80%-90%l ofl newlyl diagnosedl clients.
Q:l ethosuximidel sidel effects
Answer:
carefull withl SLEl patients;l SIl risk
Q:l ethosuximide
Answer:
Zarontinl isl administeredl onel tol twol timesl dailyl withl dosagesl ofl 750l mg/dayl inl adultsl andl 20l mg/kg/dayl inl children.Therapeuticl plasmal levelsl rangel betweenl 40l andl 100l mcg/mL,l butl monitoringl plasmal drugl levelsl isl notl typicallyl necessaryl duel tol thel predictablel clinicall response.
Q:l lamotriginel isl al phenyltriazinel for
Answer:
broadl spectruml antiseizurel &l bipolar(maintenancel therapy) Phenyltriazinesl arel effectivel againstl variousl seizurel types,l includingl partiall seizures,l tonic-clonicl seizures,l andl seizuresl associatedl withl Lennox-Gastautl syndromel inl adultsl andl childrenl twol yearsl andl older.
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Q:l phenyltriazinel (lamotrigine)l sidel effects
Answer:
Q:l Lamotriginel blackl boxl &l precaution
Answer:
Thesel medicationsl increasel thel riskl forl seriousl immunel reactionsl suchl asl Stevens- Johnsonl syndromel (SJS)l andl toxicl epidermall necrolysisl (TEN),l asl welll asl asepticl meningitis.Cautionl atl riskl SIl patients
Q:l lamotriginel drugl interactions
Answer:
Enzymel inducersl (e.g.,l [carbamazepine,l phenytoin,l phenobarbital])l decreasel lamotrigine'sl half-life,l whilel [valproate]l increasesl itl (toxicityl w/l valproicl acid).[Estrogens]l mayl lowerl lamotriginel levels,l whilel lamotriginel mayl lowerl [progestin]l levels,l potentiallyl affectingl [orall contraceptive]l efficacy
Q:l lamotriginel dosing
Answer:
Adultl dailyl dosagesl rangel froml 400-600l mg/dayl andl 5l mg/kg/dayl inl children.Bloodl levelsl peakl 1.5l tol 5l hoursl post-dose,l withl al half-lifel ofl 24l hours.l Therapeuticl plasmal levelsl rangel froml 3-14l mcg/mL.
Q:l Thesel medicationsl delayl thel recoveryl ofl sodiuml channelsl froml theirl inactivatedl state.tol suppressl high-frequencyl neuronall dischargel aroundl seizurel foci.
Answer:
Iminostilbenesl (carbamazepinel [Tegretol]l orl valproicl acidl [Depakote])
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Q:l Thesel medicationsl selectivelyl inhibitl sodiuml channels,l impedingl thel recoveryl ofl thesel channelsl froml thel inactivel tol activel state,l therebyl restrictingl sodiuml entryl intol hyperactivel neuronsl andl suppressingl actionl potentials,l ultimatelyl mitigatingl seizurel activity.
Answer:
Hydantoinsl (phenytoinl [Dilantin])
Q:l Thesel medicationsl inhibitl low-thresholdl calciuml currentsl inl thel thalamus,l suppressingl thel generationl ofl absencel seizures.
Answer:
Succinimidesl (ethosuximidel [Zarontin])
Q:l Thesel medicationsl blockl sodiuml channelsl andl partiallyl blockl calciuml channels,l leadingl tol decreasedl glutamatel releasel (anl excitatoryl neurotransmitter)l tol depressl seizurel activity.
Answer:
Phenyltriazinesl (lamotriginel [Lamictal])
Q:l Helen,l al 24-year-oldl femalel client,l presentsl tol thel clinicl describingl herl family,l tellingl herl shel hasl beenl havingl episodesl ofl confusion,l al suddenl lossl ofl consciousness,l andl repetitivel actions,l suchl asl repeatingl words.l Shel wasl diagnosedl withl partiall complexl seizuresl afterl havingl anl EEGl andl nowl requiresl medication.
Answer:
Iminostilbenesl (carbamazepinel [Tegretol]l orl valproicl acidl [Depakote])
Q:l Jasmine,l al 32-year-oldl femalel client,l recentlyl beganl havingl tonic-clonicl seizures.l Shel wasl recentlyl admittedl tol thel hospitall afterl multiplel tonic-clonicl seizuresl andl givenl anl IVl anticonvulsant.l Shel wantsl tol bel dischargedl onl thel samel anticonvulsant,l whichl isl anl olderl anticonvulsantl thatl isl lessl expensive.
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