Fluid & electrolytes practice questions

Fluid & electrolytes practice questions Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (44) Science MedicineNursing Save Fluid and Electrolytes NCLEX Quest...33 terms Alex_Hassiepen Preview Fluid & Electrolyte NCLEX Practice ...145 terms ngreen14Preview

Pharmacology Made Easy 5.0: The H...

25 terms Google_Us_1234 Preview ATI The 26 terms mar A family member voices concern about a patient's status.On assessment, the patient is found to be irritable, lethargic, weak, and complaining of thirst. What is the likely electrolyte imbalance?

• Hypophosphatemia
• Hypokalemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypernatremia

A patient admitted from a homeless shelter is a poor historian. The patient appears malnourished and has a history of drug and alcohol abuse. What abnormal finding would be anticipated for this patient?

• Pitting edema
• Hypomagnesemia
• Pleural effusion
• Hypernatremia
• Hypomagnesemia

Shortly after waking up in the morning, a 73-year-old patient comes to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after slipping on a small carpet at home. The patient has a hip fracture that will require surgery.Currently, the patient is alert and oriented, PERLA is intact, heart rate is 99, blood pressure is 118/50. The patient is anxious and thirsty. A urinary catheter is placed, and drains 40 mL of concentrated urine. What is the nurse's most likely rationale (explanation) for the urine output?

• There is likely a brain injury from the fall causing a

deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

• The patient urinated prior to his arrival to the ED and

the urinary catheter is not necessary.

• The patient has a history of heart failure and is

releasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

• The renin-angiotensin I - angiotensin II - aldosterone

system has been activated by the kidneys

• The renin-angiotensin I - angiotensin II - aldosterone system has been activated

by the kidneys The home health nurse is visiting an 84-year-old woman living at home and recovering from hip surgery. The nurse notes that the woman seems a little confused and has poor skin turgor. When asked about her fluid intake, the patient states, "I stop drinking fluids early in the day because it is just too difficult to get up during the night to go to the bathroom." What would be the nurse's best response?

• "It is normal to be a little confused following surgery

due to expected electrolyte imbalances"

• "Limiting your fluids can create imbalances in your

body that can result in confusion."

• "Confusion following surgery is common in the elderly

after your return home"

• "I will discuss with your healthcare provide to have

your current blood pressure medication changed"

• "Limiting your fluids can create imbalances in your body that can result in

confusion." The nurse educator is teaching a class for newly licensed nurses. The educator states “A patient in renal failure, which is an acidotic state, has difficulty regulating changes in pH.” The nurses understand that when functioning normally, the kidneys

• Release and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable

pH.

• Buffer acids through the retention or excretion of

carbon dioxide.

• Excrete or retain urine to maintain a stable

homeostasis.

• Reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
• Release and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.

The nurse is assessing the patient for the presence of a Chvostek's sign. What electrolyte imbalance does a positive Chvostek's sign indicate?

• Hyperkalemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypocalcemia

The nurse is caring for a 65-year-old patient who takes diuretics on a regular basis. During the shift assessment, the patient complains of tingling of the lips and fingers and a painful spasm in the wrist and hand whenever the blood pressure is taken. What condition is expected?

• Hypocalcemia
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypocalcemia

The nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient who fell off a roof. The patient's labs indicate elevated serum creatinine levels and a BUN (blood urea nitrogen) level within normal limits. What does this indicate?

• Alterations in muscle mass
• Stable protein levels
• Increased cardiac irritability
• Reduced renal function
• Reduced renal function

The nurse is caring for a patient a day after intestinal surgery for an obstruction. The nasogastric tube (NG) continues draining at low intermittent wall suction. The intravenous (IV) is patent and infusing at 125 mL per hour.The patient reports pain at the incision site rated at a three on a zero-to-ten rating scale. During the initial shift assessment, the patient complains of lethargy and weakness. You review the labs and notice an abnormal digoxin level and electrolyte imbalances. What other signs or symptoms is this patient likely to exhibit?

• Decreased kidney function
• Increased bowel motility
• Excessive thirst
• Abnormal cardiac rhythm
• Abnormal cardiac rhythm

The nurse is evaluating a new patient's laboratory results.Based upon the laboratory findings, what will cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

• Decrease in thirst
• Increased serum sodium
• Decrease in serum osmolality
• Increased serum potassium
• Increased serum sodium

The physician has ordered an isotonic intravenous fluid for a client who is NPO and is going for surgery. The nurse anticipates the order will include?

• Lactated Ringers
• Dextrose 5% and 0.45% Sodium
• 0.45% Sodium Chloride
• Dextrose 5% and Ringers Lactate
• Lactated Ringers

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with a diagnosis of renal failure. The patient's laboratory report reveals a high potassium level. What would be a priority assessment for this patient?

• Hyponatremia
• Respiratory rate
• Cardiac rhythm
• Hypercalcemia
• Cardiac rhythm

When oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli, which process is used?

• Active transport
• Diffusion
• Filtration
• Osmosis
• Diffusion

While admitting a new patient from the emergency room who has an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse notes that the patient is hypotensive and has no urine output (oliguria). The acute-care nurse practitioner is notified who orders a fluid bolus of 200 mL of normal saline solution over 15 minutes. For this patient, this intervention is expected to

• Determine if there has been blood loss
• Distinguish hyponatremia from hypernatremia
• Increase the blood pressure and perfuse the kidneys
• Evaluate pituitary gland function
• Increase the blood pressure and perfuse the kidneys

A nurse in the medical ICU has orders to infuse a hypertonic solution to a patient with low blood pressure.This solution will increase the number of solutes (particles) in the patient's blood which will create a shift of fluid into the vascular space and increase the blood volume. Which term or terms is/are associated with this process?

• Hydrostatic pressure
• Diffusion of solutes and particles
• Osmosis and osmotic pressure
• Active transport
• Osmosis and osmotic pressure