Fluid Imbalance practice questions (naxlex)

Fluid Imbalance practice questions (naxlex) Leave the first rating Terms in this set (47) Science MedicineNursing Save A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

transport nutrients and oxygen to my cells.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

regulate my body temperature and lubricate my joints.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

digest my food and excrete wastes from my body.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

increase my body fat and lower my blood pressure."

Choice D reason:

This statement indicates a need for further teaching. Fluids and electrolytes do not help increase body fat or lower blood pressure. Body fat is determined by the balance between calorie intake and expenditure, not by fluid intake. Blood pressure is influenced by many factors, such as cardiac output, vascular resistance, blood volume, and hormone levels, not by fluid intake alone. Fluid intake can affect blood pressure only if it causes overhydration or dehydration, which are both abnormal conditions that should be avoided

A nurse is teaching a client about the importance of maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements by the client are true?

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

transport nutrients and oxygen to my cells.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

regulate my body temperature and lubricate my joints.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

digest my food and excrete wastes from my body.”

• "Fluids and electrolytes help

increase my body fat and lower my blood pressure."

Choice A reason:

This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells by maintaining blood volume and pressure. They also help maintain the acid-base balance of the blood and other body fluids.

Choice B reason:

This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help regulate body temperature by allowing heat to be distributed evenly throughout the body and by facilitating sweating, which cools the body. They also help lubricate the joints by providing synovial fluid, which reduces friction and inflammation.

Choice C reason:

This statement is correct. Fluids and electrolytes help digest food by providing saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal secretions, which break down food and absorb nutrients. They also help excrete wastes from the body by forming urine, feces, sweat, and breath, which eliminate excess fluids, electrolytes, toxins, and carbon dioxide

A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?(Select all that apply.)

• Decreased skin turgor.
• Increased heart rate.
• Crackles in the lungs.
• Low urine output.
• Dry mucous membranes.

Choice A reason:

Decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration because the skin loses elasticity when the body loses water. The nurse can assess this by pinching the skin on chest or the forehead and observing how quickly it returns to its normal position. If it takes longer than a few seconds, it indicates decreased skin turgor.

Choice B reason:

Increased heart rate is a sign of dehydration because the heart has to work harder to pump blood when the blood volume is low. The body also tries to compensate for the fluid loss by increasing the heart rate and constricting the blood vessels.

Choice D reason:

Low urine output is a sign of dehydration because the kidneys try to conserve water by producing less urine. The urine also becomes more concentrated and darker in color when the body is dehydrated.

Choice E reason:

Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration because the body loses moisture from the mouth, nose, and eyes when it is dehydrated. The nurse can assess this by looking at the lips, tongue, and oral cavity for dryness and cracking.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a high fever and is at risk for fluid volume deficit. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following signs of fluid loss?

• "I feel thirsty all the time.”
• "I have gained 2 pounds since

yesterday.”

• "I have trouble breathing when I

lie down.”

• "I feel dizzy when I stand up."

Choice D reason:

Feeling dizzy when standing up is a sign of orthostatic hypotension, which is a possible sign of fluid loss. Orthostatic hypotension is a condition where the blood pressure drops when changing position from lying or sitting to standing. This can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting.Orthostatic hypotension can be caused by hypovolemia, which is a decrease in the volume of blood in the body due to fluid loss. Fluid loss can occur from bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or burns.A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has metabolic acidosis. The nurse should expect to see which of the following changes in the client's electrolyte levels?

• Decreased sodium.
• Increased potassium.
• Decreased calcium.
• Increased chloride.

Choice B reason:

Increased potassium is a common finding in metabolic acidosis, especially in renal failure. This is because acidosis causes hydrogen ions to move into cells in exchange for potassium ions, which move out of cells into the blood. Also, impaired kidney function reduces the excretion of potassium in the urine.