FREE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CLINPATH FINAL EXAM

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FREE AND STUDY GAMES ABOUT CLINPATH FINAL EXAM

QUESTIONS

Actual Qs and Ans Expert-Verified Explanation

This Exam contains:

-Guarantee passing score -143 Questions and Answers -format set of multiple-choice -Expert-Verified Explanation

Question 1: 3 ways that fluids become deranged

Answer:

• blockage of lymphatics

• decreased oncotic pressure (albumin < 1.5)

• increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 2: When are FFA usually measured?

Answer:

-commonly measured in dairy cattle to assess energy balance -increase associated with negative energy balance -also increase with diabetes mellitus, hepatic lipidosis, obesity, food deprivation, after exercise

Question 3: If fluid amylase/lipase activity > plasma/serum activity...

Answer:

-abdominal effusion due to pancreatitis

Question 4: [Cr]fluid < [Cr]plasma

Answer:

DOES NOT SUPPORT dx of uroabdomen

Question 5: Causes of increased TLI

Answer:

• pancreatitis

• decreased GFR

• dexamethasone tx

• horses w/ strangulating obstruction and endotoxic shock

Question 6: How are urine and plasma different on a chem panel?

Answer:

-urine is higher in Cr and K, lower in Na and Cl -plasma is higher in Na and Cl, lower in K and Cr

Question 7: How do ruminants generate glucose when fasting?

Answer:

-use proprionate from the rumen or colon

Question 8: How does the anion gap change during a simple metabolic alkalosis?

Answer:

IT DOESN'T CHANGE!

Question 9: Animals that are vulnerable to hypoglycemia during fasting

Answer:

-animals with prolonged anorexia/starvation (glycogen stores depleted) -neonates (lack enzymes for gluconeogenesis) -end stage liver dz -glycogen storage dz

Question 10: Normophosphatemia with hypercalcemia

Answer:

-neoplasia (HHM) -Addison's disease -granulomatous disease -idiopathic in cats

Question 11: What is the most common mixed acid/base disturbance?

Answer:

-azotemia (increased AG and metabolic acidosis) with vomiting (metabolic alkalosis)

Question 12: Special fluids

Answer:

-chyle -bile -urine -blood

Question 13: 3 ketone bodies

Answer:

• acetoacetate

• acetone

• beta hydroxybutyrate

Question 14: Ketogenesis is promoted by ___ and inhibited by ___.

Answer:

-promoted by glucagon -inhibited by insulin

Question 15: What are transudates the result of?

Answer:

-disturbances of fluid circulation

Question 16: 3 fractions that comprise Ca concentration on chem panel

Answer:

• Free calcium (active)

• Protein-bound calcium (mostly albumin)

• calcium bound to non-protein anions

Question 17: 3 hormones involved in calcium regulation

Answer:

1. PTH

• vitamin D (calcitriol)

• calcitonin

Question 18: What is necessary to determine if a patient is acidemic or alkalemic?

Answer:

pH Question 19: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by ____, which is caused by _____.

Answer:

-decreased plasma HCO3 concentration -due either to bicarb loss or bicarb buffering of XS acid

Question 20: What is fecal alpha-PI used to diagnose?

Answer:

-PLE -leaky gut mucosal barrier allows it to enter GI

Question 21: 3 components of total CO2

Answer:

-dissolved CO2

-H2CO3

-HCO3 ion