GMS 6440 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH

GMS 6440 FINAL EXAM (ACTUAL / ) QUESTIONS WITH

VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS

Hormone Response Elements (HREs) - -----Answers---DNA sequences that transcription factors bind to, regulating gene expression in response to hormones.

Conditional Gene Manipulation: Cre/LoxP System - -----

Answers---Cre recombinase: enzyme that mediates

recombination between loxP sites

Conditional Gene Manipulation: Cre/LoxP System - -----

Answers---loxP site: 34-bp DNA sequence with directional

recombination properties

Applications of Cre/LoxP - -----Answers---Cell-type specific

knockout: Gene X flanked by loxP

Applications of Cre/LoxP - -----Answers---Knock-in: Gene X

expressed only in Cre+ cells (e.g., under promoter Z)

Control Groups - -----Answers---Ideal controls include: Mice

without Cre or loxP

Control Groups - -----Answers---Mice with only Cre or only loxP

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Inducible Conditional Systems - -----Answers---Tamoxifen-

inducible Cre: Cre-ER fusion protein is retained in cytoplasm

by Hsp90

Inducible Conditional Systems - -----Answers---Tamoxifen binding → nuclear translocation → gene recombination

Reporter Mouse Strains - -----Answers---Purpose: visualize

gene expression or specific cell types

Comparison of Reporter Strategies - -----Answers---High utility, flexible

Thyroid hormone receptor (THR) - -----Answers---A receptor that represses transcription until T₃ binds.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) - -----Answers---A receptor activated by cortisol that dissociates from hsp90, enters the nucleus, dimerizes, and binds DNA.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism - -----Answers---A disease caused by a Gαs defect that prevents PTH from increasing blood Ca²⁺ levels.

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