HOSA Behavioral Health knowledge

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HOSA Behavioral Health knowledge

1.Central Nervous system (CNS): includes the brain and spinal cord

2.brainstem: contains midbrain, medulla, and pons

3.medulla: controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing

4.pons: control the management of sleep, arousal, facial expression

5.cerebellum: maintaining balance and motor coordination

6.cerebellum: contains more neurons than the rest of the brain

7.midbrain: controls sensory reflexes, movement, pain

8.reticular formation: controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of

serotonin and norepinephrine

9.thalamus: controls sensation, memory, states of consciousness;

receives sen- sory input from most systems 10.basal ganglia: voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, 1 / 4

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also in- volved in OCD and ADHD

11.hypothalamus: involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates

tempera- ture, hunger thirst; directs ANS and endocrine system

12.hippocampus: formation of long term memories

13.cingulate cortex: directs ANS; plays role in decision making,

emotion, antici- pation of reward, empathy

14.amygdala: fear and aggression

15.nucleus accumbens: reward and pleasure

16.corpus callosum: connects hemispheres

17.cerebral cortex: thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral

hemispheres

18.frontal lobe: primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most

complex cognitive processes

19.Broca's area: speech production in left hemisphere

20.prefrontal cortex: planning behavior, attention, and judgement

21.orbitofrontal cortex: emotion, impulse control

22.occipital lobe: primary visual cortex 2 / 4

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23.temporal lobe: primary auditory cortex

24.parietal lobe: primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect

syndrome) 3 / 4

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25.lateralization: localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language lateralized in the left hemisphere)

26.Peripheral Nervous System: nerves and ganglia outside the CNS;

contains somatic and autonomic nervous systems

27.somatic nervous system: transmits commands for voluntary

movement

28.autonomic nervous system: controls glands and organs; contains

sympa- thetic and parasympathetic nervous system

29.sympathetic nervous system: fight or flight; expenditure of energy

30.parasympathetic nervous system: rest and digest; storage of energy

31.enteric nervous system: nerve cells embedded in lining of

gastrointestinal system; communicates with endocrine system; source of 95% of boys serotonin

32.endocrine system: responsible for release of hormones into

bloodstream; responses to input from hypothalamus

33.pineal gland: releases melatonin; maintenance of sleep-wake cycles

34.pituitary gland: master gland; stimulates activity of other glands

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