MED SURG FINAL NCLEX PRACTICE QUESTIONS

MED SURG FINAL NCLEX PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Upon entering the room of a patient who has just returned from surgery for total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection, a nurse should recognize a need for intervention when finding

• a gastrostomy tube that is clamped.
• the patient coughing blood-tinged secretions from the tracheostomy.
• the patient positioned in a lateral position with the head of the bed flat.
• 200 ml of serosanguineous drainage in the patient's portable drainage device.

(ANS-

• the patient positioned in a lateral position with the head of the bed flat. After

total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection, a patient should be placed in a semi-Fowler's position to decrease edema and limit tension on the suture line.

A 78-year-old does not want to eat lunch and complains that the food that is serve does not taste good. Consistent with knowledge about age-related changes to taste, the nurse may find that the client is more willing to eat.

• Greasy foods
• Sour foods
• Sweet foods
• Salty foods.

(ANS- C = the older adults' taste buds retain their sensitivity to carbohydrates. In addition, carbohydrates. Tend to be food items that are easy to chew. Older adults lose their sensitivity to sour and salty foods. Older adults may find greasy foods harder to digest and therefore may avoid them; however, preference for greasy foods is not related to changes in taste associated with age.

The nurse is preparing a discharge plan to a female client with peptic ulcer for the dietary modification she will need to follow at home. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the instruction of the nurse?

• "I should not drink alcohol and caffeine." 1 / 2

• "I should eat a bland, soft diet."
• "It is important to eat six small meals a day."
• "I should drink several glasses of milk a day."

(ANS- A = caffeinated beverages and alcohol should be avoided because they stimulate gastric acid production and irritate gastric mucosa.

The client should avoid foods that cause discomfort; however, there is no need to follow a soft, bland diet.

Eating six small meals daily is no longer a common treatment for peptic ulcer disease.

Milk in large quantities is not recommended because it actually stimulates further production of gastric acids.

A client has disabling attacks of vertigo. The nurse suspects that the client has Meniere's disease. The nurse is aware that the diet of the client must be modified.Which of the following is the best diet for the client?

• High protein
• Low Carbohydrates
• Low Sodium
• Low Fat

(ANS- C = A low sodium diet is frequently an effective mechanism for reducing the frequency and severity of the disease episodes.

About three-quarters of clients with Meniere's disease respond to treatment with a low salt diet.

Which of the following is the most common surgical procedure for chronic otitis media?

• Myringotomy
• Ossiculoplasty
• Mastoidectomy
• / 2