MICROBIOLOGY TEST 1 EXAM GALEN COLLAGE OF NURSING

MICROBIOLOGY TEST 1 EXAM GALEN COLLAGE OF NURSING

(ACTUAL ) LATEST QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED

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What do Gram negative and Gram positive cells look like? - --- Answers___Negative, rod shaped. Positive, cocci.

Summary of glycolysis - ---Answers___Start with one 6 carbon molecule of glucose and becomes 2 pyruvate (indirectly feeds citric acid cycle), 2 net ATP (cellular energy), 2 NADH (feeds electron transport chain)

Spirochete shape - ---Answers___Flexible helices

Acid fast stain? - ---Answers___They contain mycolic acids a waxy substance in their cell walls the waxy substance is not decolorized by acid alcohol. They are important pathogens like leprosy and TB.

What does fate of pyruvate produced in both carbohydrate catabolism and fermentation? - ---Answers___Aerobic, pyruvate --> acetylCoA. Anaerobic, pyruvate-> fermentation then lactic acid.

What does fimriae do for the cell? - ---Answers___Allows attachment 1 / 3

Simple diffusion? - ---Answers___Movement of a Salyut from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Flagella? - ---Answers___outside so wall, made of chains of flagellin, attached to a protein hook, anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body.

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes.? - --- Answers___Difference in size and lack of internal membrane systems, prokaryotes divide into bacteria and archaea, bacteria are divided into two groups based on the Gram stain reaction.

Fermentation (anaerobic) - ---Answers___In the absence of o2 get energy only from glycolysis. No citric acid cycle or electron transport system involved.

What is photo phosphorylation? - ---Answers___Light causes chlorophyll to give up electrons. Energy released from oxidation of chlorophyll is used to generate ATP.

Electron transport chain continued - ---Answers___Carrier molecules are oxidized and reduced as electrons are passed down the chain. Energy released can be used to produce ATP by chemiosmosis.

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Gram negative cell walls. - ---Answers___Thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, periplasmic space, and is more complex. 4 ring basal body in flagella, endotoxin, tetracycline sensitive.

Examples of fermentation products - ---Answers___Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) -->lactic acid and pyruvic acid -- >acetaldehyde-->ethanol.Named according to what they make. Very little ATP is made by fermentation.

Why do we need to know about endospore identification? - --- Answers___Endospores are heat, drought resistant structures formed by some bacteria as an adaptation for survival in unfavorable conditions. Its valuable and identification for presence or absence of shape.

Carbohydrate catabolism - ---Answers___Aerobic respiration.Breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy by glycolysis, by fate of pyruvate, Krebs cycle, or electron transport chain.

Confocal microscopy? - ---Answers___cells are stained with fluorescent dyes, blue light is used to excite the dyes, the light illuminates to produce a three-dimensional image.

Active transport? - ---Answers___Requires a transporter protein and ATP. Can go against gradient.

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