Midterm Exam: PN 4003 PN4003

Midterm Exam: PN 4003 / PN4003

(Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Variations in Health | Questions & Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - SCC

Question:

Hyponatremia (low Na⁺)

Answer:

Causes: Excess water, heart/kidney failure, vomiting/diarrhea.

S/S: Nausea, confusion, headache, seizures, coma, muscle weakness.

range: 135-145 mEq/L

Question:

calcium range

Answer:

calcium - range: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL 1 / 4

Question:

phosphate range

Answer:

Phosphate range: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL

Question:

potassium range

Answer:

Potassium - range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question:

magnesium range

Answer:

Magnesium - range: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L

Question:

chloride range

Answer:

Chloride - range: 96-106 mEq/L

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Question:

Hypernatremia (high Na⁺)

Answer:

Causes: Dehydration, diabetes insipidus, excessive salt intake.

S/S: Thirst, dry mucous membranes, agitation, restlessness, seizures.

sodium - range: 135-145 mEq/L

Question:

Hypokalemia (low K⁺)

Answer:

Causes: Diuretics, GI losses (vomiting/diarrhea), inadequate intake.

S/S: Muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, arrhythmias, flattened T waves.

Potassium - range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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Question:

Hyperkalemia (high K⁺)

Answer:

Causes: Renal failure, acidosis, tissue damage.

S/S: Muscle weakness, paresthesia, arrhythmias, peaked T waves, cardiac

arrest.

Potassium - range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question:

Hypocalcemia (low Ca²⁺)

Answer:

Causes: Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, renal disease.

S/S: Tetany, paresthesia, Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, seizures.

calcium - range: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL

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