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NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Midterm Exam: Week 1, 2, 3 & 4
100% Guarantee Pass
- Pharmacodynamics
: Answer What the drug does to the body
-3 Mechanisms of action • Receptor • Enzyme • Nonselective Interactions
- Enzymes
Answer most frequently seen in relation to the metabolism of drugs -act as catalysts in nearly every chemical reaction that takes place in the cells -drugs can enhance or inhibit the catalytic actions
- Nonselective interactions
Answer drugs chemically alter or physically interfere with cellular structures or there processes Joshua 1 / 10
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• ex: chemotherapy
- Patient-specific plan goals
Answer cure -decrease in symptoms -stopping or slowing the disease process -preventing disease -improved quality of life
- Types of drug therapy
Answer acute • tx active disease & sustain life
-maintenance • focus on prevention of disease progression
-supplemental • medication required for normal body function
-palliative • any tx program designed to provide symptomatic relief of chronic severe pain
-supportive • maintains integrity of body functions Joshua 2 / 10
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-prophylactic • prevention; immunizations, pre-procedure & postexposure antibiotics
-empiric • clinical probability of illness that has not yet been diagnosed; administering broad spectrum antibiotics before culture results
- Idiosyncratic effects
Answer: unexpected individual responses to medications
7. Tolerance:
Answer declining response to a drug
- Dependence
Answer: physiologic or psychologic need for a substance
9. NIH: dependence vs addiction
Answer drug dependence • a person needs a drug to function normally, abruptly stopping the drug leads to withdrawal symptoms.
-drug addiction • the compulsive use of a substance, despite its negative or dangerous effects Joshua 3 / 10
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- drug interactions
Answer: • drug-drug
• food-drug • additive • synergistic • antagonistic • incompatibility
- grapefruit juice decreases the metabolism of a number of drugs, includ-
ing:
Answer buspirone -nefedipine -statins
- what food counters the effect of warfarin
Answer: leafy dark greens
-contain vitamin K
- antacids reduce effects of some drugs
Answer (antagonistic interaction) thyroid replacement hormones some antibiotics
Joshua 4 / 10
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