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NCLEX: Acid-Base

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francis_j_crupi Preview Fluid a 33 terms Ale The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg), and HCO3- of 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L). The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?

• Metabolic acidosis, compensated
• Respiratory alkalosis, compensated
• Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated
• Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated

Respiratory alkalosis, compensated The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client for manifestations of which disorder that the client is at risk for?

• Metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Metabolic alkalosis

A client with a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting presents to the emergency department. The client is hypoventilating and has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/minute. The electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor displays tachycardia, with a heart rate of 120 beats/minute. Arterial blood gases are drawn and the nurse reviews the results, expecting to note which finding?

• A decreased pH and an increased PaCO2
• An increased pH and a decreased PaCO2
• A decreased pH and a decreased HCO3-
• An increased pH and an increased HCO3-
• An increased pH and an increased HCO3-

The nurse is caring for a client having respiratory distress related to an anxiety attack. Recent arterial blood gas values are pH = 7.53, Pao2 = 72 mm Hg (72 mm Hg), Paco2 = 32 mmHg (32 mm Hg), and HCO3- = 28 mEq/L (28 mmol/L). Which conclusion about the client should the nurse make?

• The client has acidotic blood.
• The client is probably overreacting.
• The client is fluid volume overloaded.
• The client is probably hyperventilating.
• The client is probably hyperventilating

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Which patterns did the nurse observe? Select all that apply.

• Respirations that are shallow
• Respirations that are increased in rate
• Respirations that are abnormally slow
• Respirations that are abnormally deep
• Respirations that cease for several seconds
• Respirations that are increased in rate
• Respirations that are abnormally deep

A client who is found unresponsive has arterial blood gases drawn and the results indicate the following: pH is 7.12, Paco2 is 90 mm Hg (90 mm Hg), and HCO3- is 22 mEq/L (22 mmol/L). The nurse interprets the results as indicating which condition?

• Metabolic acidosis with compensation
• Respiratory acidosis with compensation
• Metabolic acidosis without compensation
• Respiratory acidosis without compensation
• Respiratory acidosis without compensation

The nurse notes that a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results reveal a pH of 7.50 and a Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg). The nurse monitors the client for which clinical manifestations associated with these ABG results? Select all that apply.

• Nausea
• Confusion
• Bradypnea
• Tachycardia
• Hyperkalemia
• Lightheadedness
• Nausea
• Confusion
• Tachycardia
• Lightheadedness

The nurse reviews the blood gas results of a client with atelectasis. The nurse analyzes the results and determines that the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which result validates the nurse's findings?

• pH 7.25, Paco2 50 mm Hg (50 mm Hg)
• pH 7.35, Paco2 40 mm Hg (40 mm Hg)
• pH 7.50, Paco2 52 mm Hg (52 mm Hg)
• pH 7.52, Paco2 28 mm Hg (28 mm Hg)
• pH 7.25, Paco2 50 mm Hg (50 mm Hg)

The nurse is caring for a client who is on a mechanical ventilator. Blood gas results indicate a pH of 7.50 and a Paco2 of 30 mm Hg (30 mm Hg).The nurse has determined that the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis. Which laboratory value would most likely be noted in this condition

• Sodium level of 145 mEq/L (145 mmol/L)
• Potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L)
• Magnesium level of 1.3 mEq/L (0.65 mmol/L)
• Phosphorus level of 3.0 mg/dL (0.97 mmol/L)
• Potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L)

The nurse is caring for a client with several broken ribs. The client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance?

• Respiratory acidosis from inadequate ventilation
• Respiratory alkalosis from anxiety and hyperventilation
• Metabolic acidosis from calcium loss due to broken bones
• Metabolic alkalosis from taking analgesics containing base products
• Respiratory acidosis from inadequate ventilation

The nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of an assigned client and notes that the laboratory report indicates a pH of 7.30, Paco2 of 58 mm Hg, Pao2 of 80 mm Hg, and Hco3 of 27 mEq/L (27 mmol/L). The nurse interprets that the client has which acid-base disturbance?

• Metabolic acidosis
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis
• Respiratory alkalosis
• Respiratory acidosis

A client with a history of lung disease is at risk for developing respiratory acidosis. The nurse should assess the client for which signs and symptoms characteristic of this disorder?

• Bradycardia and hyperactivity
• Decreased respiratory rate and depth
• Headache, restlessness, and confusion
• Bradypnea, dizziness, and paresthesias
• Headache, restlessness, and confusion