NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW - ScienceMedicine eyoung389 Save NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW

140 Must Know NCLEX Meds ScienceMedicine eyoung389 Save

NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW

110 terms kandykat1012Preview Pharmacology NCLEX Questions 49 terms notnursingPreview 75 Free NCLEX Questions - c/o Brilli...75 terms carey47Preview Medica 141 term maw Alteplase (t-PA)

class: thrombolytics

Indication: MI, acute ischemic stroke, occluded central lines

Action: converts plasminogen to plasmin which degrades the fibrin found

Nursing Considerations:

• contraindicated in active bleeding

-monitor for anaphylaxis

• use caution with uncontrolled hypertension

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

class: lipid-lowering agent

Indication: management of high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), primary prevention of cardiovascular disease Action: lowers total cholesterol as well as LDL while slightly increasing HDL. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase which plays a role in the liver in cholesterol formation Nursing Considerations

• contraindicated in active liver disease
• may cause rhabdomyolysis
• monitor serum cholesterol
• monitor liver function tests, renal function

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

class: antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic

Indication: pain, fever

Action: inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins which play a role in transmission of pain signals and fever response

Nursing Considerations:

• do not exceed 4g of acetaminophen per day
• overdose will lead to hepatotoxicity
• *Acetadote*is the antidote for overdose
• may increase risk for bleed with warfarin therapy

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

class: antiviral, purine analogues

Indication:genital herpes, herpes zoster, chicken pox

Action: interferes with viral DNA synthesis

Nursing Considerations:

• may cause seizures, renal failure, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea
• monitor renal function
• assess lesions
• instruct patient to use proper protection during sexual intercourse

Albuterol (Proventil)

class: bronchodilator ,adrenergic

Indication:bronchodilator used to prevent airway obstruction in asthma and COPD

Action: binds to Beta2 adrenergic receptors in the airway leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways

Nursing Considerations:

• may decrease the effectiveness of Beta Blockers

-use caution with: heart disease, diabetes, glaucoma, seizure disorder

• overuse of inhalers can lead to bronchospasm
• monitor for chest pain and palpitations
• can decrease digoxin levels

Alendronate (Fosamax)

class: bone resorption inhibitor, biphosphnates

Indication: osteoporosis (aging, menopause, corticosteroid induced)

Action: inhibits osteoclast activity leading to inhibition of resorption of bone

Nursing Considerations:

• take first thing in the morning with full glass of water 30 min prior to eating
• assess serum calcium and vitamin D
• may lead to muscle pain

Alprazolam (Xanax)

class: benzodiazepine, anti-anxiety agent

Indication:anxiety, panic disorder, manage symptoms of PMS, insomnia, mania, psychosis

Action: works in CNS to produce anxiolytic effect causing CNS depression.

Nursing Considerations:

• may cause CNS depression, drowsiness, lethargy
• may lead to physical dependence
• assess anxiety and mental status
• Flumazenil is the antidote for overdose
• Grapefruit juice may increase blood levels

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

class: Antiarrhythmic class III, Potassium channel blocker

Indication: ventricular arrhythmias, SVT, ACLS protocol for v-fib and vTACH

Action: prolongs action potential, inhibits adrenergic stimulation, slows rate, decreases peripheral vascular resistance causing vasodilation

Nursing Considerations:

• may lead to ARDS, pulmonary toxicity, CHF, bradycardia, hypotension
• increases risk for QT prolongation
• increases digoxin levels
• increases activity of warfarin
• monitor EKG
• assess for signs and symptoms of ARDS
• monitor liver function test
• check dosage with another RN
• avoid drinking grapefruit juice

Amitryptiline (Elavil)

class: tricyclic antidepressant

Indication: depression, anxiety, insomnia

Action: increases effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS, exhibits anticholinergic effects

Nursing Considerations:

• contraindicated in MI, heart failure, QT prolongation, glaucoma
• may increase risk for suicidal ideation
• may cause arrhythmias, hypotension, EKG changes
• may cause alterations in blood glucose levels
• may lead to general sedation and lethargy
• do not use within 2 weeks of MAOIs
• monitor for orthostatic hypotension
• may lead to photosensitivity, instruct patient to use sunscreen
• may turn urine blue/green color

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

class: Ca channel blocker, antihypertensive

Indication: hypertension, angina

Action: blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction

Nursing Considerations:

• may cause gingival hyperplasia
• grapefruit juice may increase drug level
• monitor blood pressure and pulse
• monitor intake and output
• assess for signs of CHF
• assess characteristics of angina
• instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take BP

Amoxicillin (Moxatag)

class: anti-infectives, antiulcer agent, aminopenicillins

Indication: skin infections, respiratory infections, sinusitis, endocarditis prophylaxis, lime disease

Action: Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall leading to cell death.

Nursing Considerations:

• Contraindicated with penicillin allergy
• may cause seizures
• assess for rash, anaphylaxis
• excreted by kidneys - monitor renal labs
• monitor patient for diarrhea - bloody stool should be reported immediately

Ampicillin (Principen)

class: aminopenicillin, anti-infective

Indication: skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia Action: bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death

Nursing Considerations:

• contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency
• may lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxes, super infection
• monitor liver function tests
• instruct patient on signs of super infection: fury over growth on tongue, vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool
• pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.

Aspirin (Bayer Aspirin)

class: antipyretics, non-opioid, analgesics

Indication: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and MI prophylaxis Action: inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases

Nursing Considerations:

• use caution in bleeding disorders, chronic alcohol use
• may lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis
• increases risk for bleeding with warfarin, heparin, and clopidogrel
• increased risk for GI bleeding with NSAID use
• monitor liver function tests
• concurrent use with alcohol may increase risk for GI bleeding