NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW - ScienceMedicineNursing suzanne_hauglin Save NCL...

NCLEX Precautions review; standard, contact, airborne, droplet ScienceMedicineNursing suzanne_hauglin Save

NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW

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cso Standard Precautions:

• wash your hands (*Most important step in infection control, prevents nosocomial infections)
• DON gloves (before coming in contact with anything wet, i.e. broken skin, mucous membranes, blood, body fluids, soiled instruments,

contaminated waste materials.

• wash hands again upon removal of gloves and between patients

Contact Precautions:

Before entering:

1.wash hands

• DON gown then gloves

Upon entering:

• use disposable equipment when possible
• when not available clean and disinfect all equipment before removing from room

Before leaving the patient's room:

• Remove gloves then gown
• Wash hands

Contact Precautions Transporting patient:

• PT should perform hand hygeine and wear a clean gown
• For direct contact with pt, nurse or care provider should wear a gown and gloves.
• Notify receiving area

Common Microorganisms which require Contact Precautions :

• Antibiotic Resistant Organisms (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureu (MRSA), Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Penicillin

resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP))

• Scabies
• Herpes Zoster (Shingles) localized
• Diarrhea, Clostrididum difficile

Airborne Contact Precautions:

Before entering:

1.Wash hands

• Don N95 Respirator (Mask)
• Don gown then gloves

*Negative Pressure Isolation Room KEEP DOOR CLOSED

Before leaving pt's room:

• Remove gloves then gown NOT N95 mask
• Wash hands

After leaving pt's room:

• Shut door
• Wash hands
• Remove N95 mask
• Wash hands

Airborne Contact Precautions Transporting patient:

• Patient must wear a surgical or procedure mask and a clean gown
• Patient must wash hands
• For direct contact with pt, nurse or care provider should wear a gown and gloves.
• Notify receiving area

Common Microorganisms which require Airborne Contact Precautions :

• Measles (Rubeola)
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Chicken Pox (Varicella-Zoster virus)
• Herpes Zoster (Shingles) disseminated

Droplet Contact Precautions:

Before Entering:

• Wash Hands
• DON Mask and Eye Protection
• DON Gown then Gloves

Before Leaving Pt's Room:

• Remove gloves then gown
• Wash Hands
• Remove eye protection and mask
• Wash Hands

Droplet Contact Precautions Transporting patient:

• Pt must perform hand hygeine
• Pt must wear a surgical or procedure mask and clean gown
• For direct contact with pt, nurse or care provider should wear a gown and gloves.
• Notify receiving area

Common Microorganisms which require Droplet Contact Precautions :

• Influenza (Flu)
• Viral Respiratory tract infections (adenovirus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, RSV)
• Streptococcus group A pharyngitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever
• Neisseria meningitidis invasive infections
• Influenzae type b invasive infections
• Pertussis
• Rubella
• Mumps

Strict isolation is:

Rules:

used to prevent the transmission of all highly communicable diseases that are spread by both, contact or airborne routes of transmission.Examples of such diseases are chickenpox and rabies (1) Visitors must report to the nurses' station before entering the room.(2) Door must be kept closed.(3) Gowns must be worn by all persons entering the room.(4) Masks must be worn by all persons entering the room.(5) Hands must be washed on entering and leaving the room.(6) Gloves must be worn by all persons entering the room.(7) Articles must be discarded or wrapped before being sent to Central Supply for disinfection or sterilization.

Respiratory isolation is:

Rules used to prevent transmission of organisms by means of droplets that are sneezed or breathed into the environment. Examples of such diseases are influenza and tuberculosis (1) Visitors must report to the nurses' station before entering the room.(2) Door must be kept closed.(3) Gowns are not necessary.(4) Masks must be worn by any person entering the room unless that person is not susceptible to the disease.(5) Hands must be washed on entering and leaving the room.(6) Gloves are not necessary.(7) Articles contaminated with secretions must be disinfected.

Protective isolation is:

Rules:

used to prevent contact between potentially pathogenic microorganisms and uninfected persons who have seriously impaired resistance.Patients with certain diseases, such as leukemia, who are on certain therapeutic regimens are significantly more susceptible to infections (1) Visitors must report to the nurses' station before entering the room.(2) Door must be kept closed.(3) Gowns must be worn by all persons entering the room.(4) Masks must be worn by all persons entering the room.(5) Hands must be washed on entering and leaving the room.(6) Gloves must be worn by all persons having direct contact with the patient.(7) Articles must be handled according to local SOP.

Enteric precautions are:

Rules:

used to control diseases that can be transmitted through direct or indirect oral contact with infected feces or contaminated articles. Transmission of infection depends on ingestion of the pathogen. Examples of diseases requiring enteric precautions are dysentery and hepatitis.(1) Visitors must report to the nurses' station before entering the room.(2) Gowns must be worn by all persons having direct contact with the patient.(3) Masks are not necessary.(4) Gloves must be worn by all persons having direct contact with the patient or with articles contaminated with fecal material.(5) Special precautions are necessary for articles contaminated with urine and feces. Articles must be disinfected or discarded