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NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW

110 terms kandykat1012Preview NCLEX Bootcamp Study 31 terms Cristalyn_Quinn Preview 75 Free 75 terms car what is dermal melanocytosis?Irregular areas of blue-gray pigmentation usually in the sacral and gluteal regions of infants w ethnic backgrounds (mediterranean, African American, asian, etc.) what is myelomeningocele the most common form of spina bifida (neural tube defect) in which the bones of the spine do not completely form, resulting in an incomplete spinal canal, causing the spinal cord and meninges to stick out of the childs back

• what is hydrocephalus
• what does it look like?
• what can cause hydrocephalus?
• how is it diagnoseD?
• nursing interventions?

caused by abnormal absorption, production, or movement of cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) within the cerebral ventricles. Excess CSF within ventricles increases intracranial pressure (ICP), causing the head to expand in infants whose cranial sutures have not yet closed (which usually occurs by 18 months).enlarged head, prominent scalp veins, tense or bulging fontanelles, and frontal bossing myelomeningocele dx by CT scan

• Measure head circumference
• low stimulation environment

midazolam is for (in kids/babies) sedation/anethesia what is plagiocephaly asymmetrical heads in infants Parkland formula

• what is it? and for what?

used to determine the client's IV fluid needs based on the total body surface area (TBSA) burned.

• mL x % TBSA x weight (kg)

Half this volume is administered over the first 8 hours after the injury and the other half is administered in the remaining 16 hours of the first 24 hour period ferrous sulfate

• what is it for?
• pt teachings?
• iron supplements given to treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia which can result from blood loss, malnutrition, malabsorption, and

pregnancy

• medication should be taken on an empty stomach b/c it also significantly reduces iron absorption
• can cause stool to appeara black or greenish color which is a common and benign side effect (NORMAL)
• Antacids and calcium should not be taken with ferrous sulfate b/c they decreases iron absorption
• Liquid ferrous sulfate preparations can cause permanent teeth staining. To prevent this, the dose should bediluted and taken through a straw.

Additionally, the client should be educated to rinse their mouth after taking the dose Manifestations of iron deficiency anemia fatigue, pallor, and inflammation of the tongue (glossitis) and lips (cheilitis).Pertussis

• what is it?
• characterized by
• how long does it last
• whooping cough
• highly contagious, bacterial upper respiratory infection
• Clients initially experience nasal congestion, low-grade fever, and a mild nonproductive cough. As symptoms progress, the client can develop

a characteristic high-pitched, crow-like sound (whooping) during inspiration (i.e., stridor) after coughing that is caused by inhalation through a narrowed glottis. Clients can also experience frequent coughing that is worse at night followed by the expulsion of thick mucus plugs and posttussive vomiting (vomiting after coughing episode)

• Symptoms may last for 6-10 weeks

give examples of group A streptococcal infections

• characterized by?

ex. acute streptococcal, pharyngitis, scarlet fever

• Enlarged tonsils, Beefy red pharynx

Fetal Heart Rate Patterns: VEAL CHOP

• describe the acronym & interventions for each

Variable decelerations -> Cord compression Early decelerations -> Head compression Accelerations -> Oxygenated/Ok Late decelerations -> Placental insufficiency

• Cord compression
• Reposition
• Discontinue oxytocin (if applicable)
• Administer oxygen
• Assess for cord prolapse
• Head compression
• Cervical exam
• Prepare for impending delivery

- Oxygenated/Ok: No intervention needed

• Placental insufficiency
• Discontinue oxytocin (if applicable)
• Administer oxygen
• Reposition IV fluid bolus
• Prepare for possible cesarean delivery

what are Early decelerations in labor?occur simultaneously with uterine contractions and indicate the fetus has descended into the pelvis. In the confined pelvic space, contractions cause fetal head compression which stimulates the vagus nerve and slows the fetal heart rate (FHR). Between contractions, compression is relieved, and the FHR returns to baseline.

• low-lying fetal head promotes cervicaldilation and labor progression prompting the nurse to check cervical dilation

why is oxytocin used in labor?possible complications? & nursing interventions?

• Oxytocin induces uterine contractions
• can overstimulate the uterus causing uterine tachysystole which requires oxytocin discontinuation b/c of uteroplacental insufficiency (e.g., late

decelerations)

• repositioning the client left lateral to reduce vena cava compression and maximize uteroplacental perfusion

Teaching for major depressive disorder includes:

• Incorporating exercise (to increase availability fo serotonin in the brain)
• Choosing healthy foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables) b/c high fat foods can increase risk for depression
• Maintaining a regular sleep schedule
• Prioritizing self-care

what are tyramine-rich foods

• which meds to avoid w/ these?

Aged cheese, smoked meats (pepperoni, salami), avocados, figs, bananas, smoked fish, protein, protein supplements, wine, beers, fermented foods

• taking MAOIs can result in significant vasoconstriction and subsequent hypertensive crisis

Fluoxetine

• what is it?
• contraindications?
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
• does not have any specific dietary restrictions

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

• for?
• give example meds
• - contraindications?
• for depression and anxiety disorders
• (e.g., selegiline, isocarboxazid,

phenelzine)

• require dietary restrictions due to their disruption of the body's ability to break down tyramine. Consumption of tyramine-rich foods (e.g.

cheese, smoked meats, fermented foods) while taking MAOIs can result in significant vasoconstriction and subsequent hypertensive crisis Thrombocytopenia is

• caused by
• can cause
• most serious complication of thrombocytopenia

platelet count below 150 x 103/μL (150 x 109/L)

• caused by low production from bone marrowsuppression, destruction of platelets by autoimmune disorders (e. g., thrombocytopenic

purpura), or medication side effects (e. g., heparin-induced thrombocytopenia).

• bleeding, which manifests as ecchymoses, petechiae, or bleeding from the nose and gums -> bleeding may involve the kidneys,

gastrointestinal tract, or brain

• hemorrhage. The most serious is intracranial hemorrhage, which can occur at platelet levels

below 20 x 103/μL (20 x 109/L), and causes dizziness, confusion, headache, and decreased level of consciousness