NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS

NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS

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NCLEX EXAM PREVIEW

110 terms kandykat1012Preview 75 Free NCLEX Questions - c/o Brilli...75 terms carey47Preview NCLEX-RN Practice Questions For 2...Teacher 33 terms TutorDkPreview NCLEX 133 term Fam polyuria fluid volume deficit---> shock heart failure pump not moving blood forward---> decreased blood to kidneys---> decreased UOP----> fluid retention hypoxia not enough oxygen to the tissues----> not enough oxygen to the brain---> anxious patient/change in LOC QRST

• AV node
• ventricle
• controlled by potassium

P wave

• SA node
• atrial depolarization
• calcium

calculation of HR on ECG estimation measure big boxes between R-R 300/# of big boxes between R-R normal sinus rhythm heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute sinus bradycardia <60 normal sinus rhythm give atropine (don't give to pt with glaucoma) sinus tachycardia >100 (100-150) normal sinus rhythm

caused by:

• excessive caffeine
• anxiety
• dehydration
• hyperthyroidism

give beta blockers, be aware of bronchoconstriction and bronchospasm, contraindicated in asthma atrial fibrillation

• SA node not firing properly
• absence of P wave, quivering P wave
• AV node fires irregularly because its waiting for SA node to work
• worried about clots
• calcium channel blockers work for a-fib because the atrium uses calcium to work (diltiazem, verapamil)

INR & warfarin want it to be 2-3x the normal value except for when there is a valve replacement heparin & warfarin homegoing

• don't go home on this, usually gradually introduce warfarin simultaneously so that they can go home on it instead (called bridging)
• wait for INR to get to 2-3, then d/c heparin and continue warfarin

potassium sparing diuretics and cardio aldosterone antagonists examples

• spironolactone
• eplerinone

aldosterone increases sodium--->decreases potassium leads to decreased sodium and water, keeps potassium same ACE inhibitors pneumonic ACE-I Angioedema Cough Excess K+ Instead, ARB's (still increased K+) ACEs and ARBs are both Teratogens agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm priority what am I freaking out about?? ASK GRAPH A- airway S- sepsis K- potassium G- glucose below 70 R- child with lethargy A- altered mental status suddenly P- peritonitis H- hemorrhage cushings vs addisons Cushing is gushing cortisol.Addison's patient's cortisol doesn't add up.

cushing's syndrome A- increased appetite B- increased blood pressure I- increased insulin resistance G- increased gluconeogenesis F- decreased fibroblasts (healing factors)-->striae I- decreased inflammatory process/immune system B- decreased bone formation (osteoblasts) physical symptoms

• buffalo hump
• moon face
• abdominal striae
• hirsutism ("hairy suit-ism")
• weight gain
• truncal obesity

causes of cushing's disease

• steroids (long term therapy
• tumor (pituitary, adrenal)
• small cell lung cancer

treatment for cushings cut out tumor or steroids (slowly decrease) cortisol increased by ______

• S's

Surgery Stress Sepsis Strenuous activity adrenal gland monitors ________

salt: regulates aldosterone

sugar: cortisol

sex: sex and hair

all increased in cushings, all decreased in addison's