NCLEX PATHO QUESTIONS - EXAM 1

NCLEX PATHO QUESTIONS - EXAM 1

ScienceMedicinePathophysiology vsneeringer Save Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Pr...Teacher 89 terms anaufPreview Patho Final NCLEX questions 56 terms meganneibertPreview Dosage Calculation Practice Exam 1...20 terms jenjmartin72Preview Fluid a 33 terms

Ale The plasma membrane in human cells is comprised of:

• A single layer of phospholipids and proteins
• A capsid made up of lipids and polysaccharides
• A phopholipid bilayer including cholesterol and proteins
• Cellulose

C

The primary function of the mitochondria is:

• Catalyze protein translation
• Package proteins for transport
• Manufacture of ATP
• Management of genetic material

C Chronic hypertension requires that the heart pumps harder with each contraction. This means that the left ventricle experiences more stretch

than usual. This can result in ________ of the cells of the ventricle:

• Metaplasia
• Dysplasia
• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy

D

Flipases and flopases are enzymes involved in the asymmetry of the cell membrane. Which of these is a function of membrane asymmetry?

• Marking the cell for apoptosis
• Allows for selective permeability of the membrane
• Manufacture of integral proteins
• Involved in endocytosis of nutrients

A Mr. Pasteur had his arm in a cast for six weeks. After the cast was removed, his arm was noticeably smaller. This is an example of:

• Metaplasia
• Dysplasia
• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy

C In diabetes inspidus, patients excrete a large volume of dilute urine. Diabetes inspidus is a disease involving the mutation of proteins that are involved in the movement of water in and out of the cell. What are these proteins?

• Aquaporins
• Actins
• Bradykinins
• Histamines

A Which of the following is the body's primary buffer in the blood and the kidneys?

• Thiamine pyrophosphate
• Angiotensin converting enzyme
• Carbonic anhydrase
• Glucose-6-phosphate

C Starling's forces are forces involved in the movement of fluid, secondary to the effects of:

• Osmosis
• Filtration
• Active transport
• Magic

B

Keith Richards presented into the emergency department because of swelling in his legs, a process known as edema. He has a history of liver failure, and as a result has a decreased capacity to produce proteins such as albumin. The edema is likely a result of:

• Increased oncotic pressure in the capillary
• Decreased capillary permeability
• Decreased oncotic pressure in the capillary
• A build-up of cytotoxins from the liver

C According to the Br∅nsted-Lowry acid-base theory, the following is a characteristic of a strong acid.

• No dissociation in water
• Complete dissociation in water
• No reaction in water
• Become proton acceptors in water

B

Opsonization is a process by which:

• Mast cells are degranulated to release histamine
• Antigens are identified by special protein tags
• Collagen is exposed, allowing for platelet interaction
• Proteins bind to antigens to negate the negative charge, allowing for phagocytic interactions

B Activation of complement is one of the responses of the innate immune system. The classic pathway is a response to:

• A reaction to endotoxins produced by antigens
• A binding to the mannose residues on antigens
• The breakdown of fibrinogen
• The activation of antibodies

D

The first phagocytic cells to respond to exposure to an antigen are the:

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Eosinophils

A

This is an example of an endothelial-derived antimicrobial peptide:

• Lectin
• Complement
• Interleukin
• Defensin

D A patient you are taking care of requires a blood transfusion of red blood cells. You know that all of the following are true about red blood cells

EXCEPT:

• They carry oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body
• They contain multiple nuclei to aid in replication in the bloodstream
• They release nitric oxide to help relax constricted blood vessels
• They are biconcave in shape in order to increase their surface area

B This component of the hematologic system is a disc-shaped cytoplasmic fragment that can change its shape from a sphere to that containing pseudopods. It is active in the formation of clots and contains dense granules that can secrete ADP, serotonin and thromboxane.

• Erythrocyte
• Leukocyte
• Platelet
• Beta-globulin

C

Polycythemia Vera is a disease process in which the bone marrow:

• Isn't making any red blood cells
• Isn't making any platelets
• Is making too many red blood cells
• Is making too many platelets

C A patient has been on your telemetry unit because of a diagnosis of chest pain and has been on heparin. On the third day of admission they have a very low platelet count, less than 100,000 (normal is 150,000 - 450,000). They have patches of purple like lesions called purpura and bled

from their guns while brushing their teeth. The name for this disease is:

• Thrombocytopenia
• Polycythemia Vera
• Mononucleosis
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A