NCLEX - Pharmacology

NCLEX - Pharmacology Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (73) Science Medicine Save 140 Must Know NCLEX Meds 141 terms eyoung389Preview 50 most common meds on NCLEX 79 terms hstark24Preview American Red Cross-ACLS-Final 50 terms Anne_Peters04 Preview Nclex q 71 terms Mag One of the most common side effects of Enalapril

(Vasotec) is:

• Dry hacking cough.
• Hypertension.
• Constipation.
• Irritability.
• Dry hacking cough.

A cough is commonly associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, resulting from increased sensitivity of cough reflex.A student nurse questions the nurse about why the patient has 20mEq of Potassium Chloride (KCl) in his IV.The nurse explains the purpose and then refers the student to which laboratory tests?

• Electrolytes.
• Glucose.
• Hemoglobin.
• Arterial blood gases.
• Electrolytes.

It measures potassium, among other things.A patient asks the nurse why he is receiving patches of Nitroglycerin instead of just taking it under the tongue

when he needs it. The nurse explains that:

• "Given in this manner, the medication is absorbed at a

slow, steady rate."

• "This manner is effective in acute situations."
• "This manner allows for more accurate dosage."
• "Patches administer a day's to a week's worth of

medications."

• "Given in this manner, the medication is absorbed at a slow, steady rate."

After application to the skin, the medication is absorbed at a slow, constant rate, allowing for the maintenance of a therapeutic level.

A patient with cancer has been receiving high doses of Morphine for several days. During an assessment, the

side effect that the nurse would be likely to see is:

• Constipation.
• Respiratory Depression.
• Pain Relief.
• Diarrhea.
• Constipation.

These patients need to be on a bowel program. Constipation is the only side effect for which patients do not develop a tolerance.The physician has ordered Mycostatin 5ml, swish and swallow twice daily. The nurse should instruct the patient

to:

• "Swallow the medication quickly, and follow with 8oz of

water."

• "Shake the bottle before administering to help mix the

suspension."

• "Brush your teeth carefully before each dose."
• "Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible

before swallowing.

• "Maintain contact with the mucosa as long as possible before swallowing."

This allows for maximal contact with impaired oral mucosa.The nurse will know that the patient understands teaching about self- administration of Oral Corticosteroids when

the patient states that she will take the medications:

• Before meals.
• With or after meals.
• At bedtime.
• With orange juice.
• With or after meals.

the medication is considered ulcerogenic.A nurse is making a home visit to care for a patient with COPD. When she arrives at the home, she finds that the couple has a big box of medications all mixed together, and some of them are outdated. The first priority should

be to:

• Examine all the labels to determine which ones are still

viable.

• Question the couple to see what medications they are

taking.

• Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can

contact the physician.

• Contact the social worker to begin placement

proceedings for the couple.

• Report the situation to her supervisor so that she can contact the physician.

The physician needs to know to verify any needed prescription.Prioritize the following concerns from highest to lowest

priority for a nurse visiting a childless couple:

• Household cleaners stored under the sink.
• Insulin syringes on the kitchen cabinet.
• Husband and wife's medication stored together on the

bedside table.

• Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.
• Husband and wife's medication stored together on the bedside table.
• Household cleaners stored under the sink.
• Insulin syringes on the kitchen cabinet.
• Two empty bottles of wine in the trash bin.

A nurse is assessing signs of alcohol withdrawal in one of

her patients. These assessments would include:

• Tremors.
• Anxiety.
• Increased blood pressure.

All of these are signs of alcohol withdraw. Along with tachycardia, diaphoresis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, insomnia. hallucinations and seizures.Items that would be appropriate to teach a patient being

treated with Warfarin (Coumadin):

• "It is important to avoid eating excessive amounts of broccoli."
• "It is important to monitor for any signs of bleeding in urine and stool."
• "The physician will regulate your medication according to your blood work."

Broccoli contains large amounts of Vitamin K.Bleeding may occur if the dosage is not regulated properly.Dosage is managed by monitoring therapeutic levels.An 89 year old man is complaining of urinary retention during the medication history. Which assessment would be a priority to report to the physician?

• Baclofen (Lioresal).
• Diazepam (Valium).
• Benstropine (Cogentin).
• Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril).
• Benstropine (Cogentin).

This is a cholinergic-blocking agent. Urinary retention is an adverse effect.A patient is receiving Aminophylline. The nurse knows the

medication acts to:

• Dilate blood vessels, increasing capillary permeability.
• Increase contraction of the bronchi and alveolar.
• Decrease contraction of the smooth muscles of the

bronchioles.

• Decrease the amount of mucus secretion from the

bronchi.

• Increase contraction of the bronchi and alveolar.

When a nurse is giving dietary instructions appropriate to a person taking Ibandronate Sodium (Boniva), it would be

especially important to include which of the following:

• "Maintain adequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D."
• "Increase fiber, whole grains, and rhubarb."
• "Increase intake of Vitamin C"
• "Maintain appropriate calories to avoid gaining weight."
• "Maintain adequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D."

Patients being treated with Boniva require calcium supplements to maintain blood levels.The nurse in a physicians office interviews a patient being treated for asthma. The patient is jittery and complains of nausea. A statement that might indicate a cause for the

jitteriness would be:

• "I have been taking Diazepam (Valium) for my nerves."
• "I am overdue to have a Theophylline level drawn."
• "I am taking Cimetidine (Tagamet) for my epigastric

pain."

• "I take a laxative when I am constipated."
• "I am overdue to have a Theophylline level drawn."

Theophylline can cause these effects; a level is necessary to determine if the medication is in the therapeutic range.

Indicate in which order of priority the nurse should

administer the medications to these patients:

• A cardiac patient receiving a daily dose of Digoxin

(Lanolin).

• An asthmatic patient receiving a daily dose of

Montelukast (Singulair).

• A patient receiving an antibiotic four times per day for a

wound infection.

• A patient with diabetes receiving a daily dose of insulin.
• A patient with diabetes receiving a daily dose of insulin.
• A patient receiving an antibiotic four times per day for a wound infection.
• An asthmatic patient receiving a daily dose of Montelukast (Singulair).
• A cardiac patient receiving a daily dose of Digoxin (Lanolin).

During an admission interview, the nurse learns that a patient has been taking Dipyridamole (Persantine) for

several months. This assessment is an indication for:

• Assessing respirations after activity.
• Monitoring blood pressure sitting, standing, and lying.
• Assessing temperature every 4 hours.
• Monitoring white blood cells to check for infection.
• Monitoring blood pressure sitting, standing, and lying.

This medicine is used to treat TIA; orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect.Patients who are receiving Vancomycin (Vancocin) by IV infusion should be assessed before and during the

administration for:

• Blurred vision.
• Constipation.
• Hearing damage.
• Muscle cramps.
• Hearing damage.

Vancomycin is both ototoxic and nephrotoxic.A nurse assesses that a patient with diabetes is reporting increased episodes of hypoglycemia. What is the likely explanation?

• Decreasing usual exercise patterns without changing

insulin.

• Increasing caloric intake without changing insulin.
• Increased exercise patterns with a decreased insulin

dosage.

• Decreased caloric intake and increased exercise

pattern.

• Decreased caloric intake and increased exercise pattern.

Less food and more exercise are most likely to cause decreased blood sugar.A patient is being started on Isoniazid (INH) Therapy for the treatment of Tuberculosis. Identify all items that

should be included in his discharge instructions:

• Avoid smoked fish, tuna, and milk products.
• Do you not drink alcohol.
• Maintain follow-up contact with the physician.

Identify diagnosis that are appropriate indications for

antihistamine therapy:

• Upper respiratory tract infections.
• Anaphylactic reactions.

These drugs block histamines at their receptor sites, therefore decreasing the symptoms of these conditions.