NCLEX-PN Review Questions

NCLEX-PN Review Questions

2023/2024

The nurse is taking the health history of a patient being treated for Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. After being told the patient has been smoking cigarettes for 30 years, the nurse expects to note which assessment finding?

• Increase in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
• A narrowed chest cavity
• Clubbed fingers
• An increased risk of cardiac failure - ~ ~ANSWER 3.

Clubbed fingers - CORRECT Clubbed fingers are a sign of a long-term, or chronic, decrease in oxygen levels.The nurse is taking the health history of a 70-year-old patient being treated for a Duodenal Ulcer. After being told the patient is complaining of epigastric pain, the nurse expects to note which assessment finding?

• Melena 1 / 4

• Nausea
• Hernia
• Hyperthermia - ~ ~ANSWER 1. Melena - CORRECT

Melena is the finding that there are traces of blood in the stool which presents as black, tarry feces. This is a common manifestation of Duodenal Ulcers, since the Duodenum is further down the gastric anatomy.A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient with severe Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease. Which of these statements by the patient indicates a need for more teaching?

• "I'm going to limit my meals to 2-3 per day to reduce acid secretion."
• "I'm going to make sure to remain upright after meals and elevate my head

when I sleep"

• "I won't be drinking tea or coffee or eating chocolate any more."
• "I'm going to start trying to lose some weight." - ~ ~ANSWER
• "I'm going to limit my meals to 2-3 per day to reduce acid secretion."

CORRECT - Large meals increase the volume and pressure in the stomach and delay gastric emptying. It's recommended instead to eat 4-6 small meals a day. 2 / 4

The nurse in the Emergency Room is treating a patient suspected to have a Peptic Ulcer. On assessing lab results, the nurse finds that the patient's blood pressure is 95/60, pulse is 110 beats per minute, and the patient reports epigastric pain.What is the PRIORITY intervention?

• Start a large-bore IV in the patient's arm
• Ask the patient for a stool sample
• Prepare to insert an NG Tube
• Administer intramuscular morphine sulphate as ordered - ~ ~ANSWER
• Start a large-bore IV in the patient's arm

CORRECT - The nurse should suspect that the patient is haemorrhaging and will need need a fluid replacement therapy, which requires a large bore IV.A female patient with atrial fibrillation has the following lab results: Hemoglobin of 11 g/dl, a platelet count of 150,000, an INR of 2.5, and potassium of 2.7 mEq/L.Which result is critical and should be reported to the physician immediately?

• Hemoglobin 11 g/dl
• Platelet of 150,000
• INR of 2.5 3 / 4

• Potassium of 2.7 mEq/L - ~ ~ANSWER 4. Potassium

of 2.7 mEq/L CORRECT - A potassium imbalance for a patient with a history of dysrhythmia can be life-threatening and can lead to cardiac distress.While receiving normal saline infusions to treat a GI bleed, the nurse notes that the patient's lower legs have become edematous and auscultates crackles in the lungs. What should the nurse do first?

• Stop the saline infusion immediately
• Notify Physician
• Elevate the patient's legs
• Continue the infusion, since these are normal findings - ~ ~ANSWER
• Stop the saline infusion immediately

CORRECT - the patient has a fluid volume overload as a result of overly rapid fluid replacement. The nurse should stop the infusion and notify the physician.

• / 4