NCLEX Questions: Asthma COPD

NCLEX Questions: Asthma & COPD

Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (25) Science MedicinePulmonology Save COPD NCLEX Chronic.32 terms MilohmylovePreview COPD & Asthma NCLEX 33 terms LauraRNtobePreview Chapter 11 COPD Exam 2 Med Surg ...25 terms Monk3gam3Preview Pneum 34 terms Dan An elderly client with pneumonia may appear with which of the following symptoms first?

• Altered mental status & dehydration
• Fever & chills
• Hemoptysis & dyspnea
• Pleuritic chest pain & cough
• Altered mental status & dehydration

Elderly clients may first appear with only an altered mental status & dehydration due to a blunted immune response.Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms that occur in the lung parenchyma allows pneumonia to develop?

• Atelectasis
• Bronchiectasis
• Effusion
• Inflammation
• Inflammation

A 7 year old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypnec and afebrile and has a RR of 36 bpm, and a nonproductive cough. He recently had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following?

• Acute asthma
• Bronchial pneumonia
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Emphysema
• Acute asthma

Based on the client's history & symptoms, acute asthma is the most likely diagnosis. He's unlikely to have bronchial pneumonia without a productive cough & fever. He is too young to have developed COPD or emphysema.

Which of the following assessment findings would help confirm a diagnosis of asthma in a client suspected of having the disorder?

• Circumoral cyanosis
• Increased forced expiratory volume
• Inspiratory & expiratory wheezing
• Normal breath sounds
• Inspiratory & expiratory wheezing

Which of the following types of asthma involves an acute asthma attack brought on by an upper respiratory infection?

• Emotional
• Extrinsic
• Intrinsic
• Mediated
• Intrinsic

Intrinsic asthma doesn't have an easily identifiable allergen & can be triggered by a common cold.Extrinsic asthma is caused by dust, molds, & pets.A client with acute asthma showing inspiratory & expiratory wheezes & a decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following classes of medication right away?

• Beta- adrenergic blockers
• Bronchodilators
• Inhaled steroids
• Oral steroids
• Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators are the first line of treatment for asthma because bronchocontriction is the cause of reduced airflow.A 19-year-old comes into the emergency department with acute asthma. His respiratory rate is 44 breaths/minute, and he appears to be in acute respiratory distress. Which of the following actions should be taken first?

• Take a full medication history
• Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer
• Apply a cardiac monitor to the client
• Provide emotional support to the client
• Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer

The client is having an acute asthma attack & needs to increase oxygen delivery to the lung & body. Nebulized bronchodilators open airways & increase the amount of oxygen delivered.A 58 year old client with a 40 year history of smoking one to two packs of cigarettes a day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral edema, & cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has which of the following conditions?

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive bronchitis
• Emphysema
• Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Because of his extensive smoking history & symptoms, the client most likely has chronic obstructive bronchitis.Clients with asthma & emphysema tend not to have a chronic cough or peripheral edema.

The term "blue bloater" describes which condition?

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive bronchitis
• Emphysema
• Chronic obstructive bronchitis

Clients with this appear bloated. They have large barrel chests, peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds, & at times circumoral cyanosis.Clients with emphysema appear pink & cachectic.The term "pink puffer" generally refers to which pulmonary disease?

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive disease
• Emphysema
• Emphysema

Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe, clients with emphysema are usually cachectic. They're pink & usually breathe through pursed lips, hence the term "puffer".A 66 year old client has marked dyspnea at rest, is thin, uses accessory muscles to breathe. He's tachypneic, with a prolonged expiratory phase. He has no cough. He leans forward with his arms braced on his knees to support his chest & shoulders for breathing. This client has symptoms of which of the following disorders?

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive disease
• Emphysema
• Emphysema

It's highly recommended that clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema have Pneumovax and flu vaccinations for which of the following reasons?

• All clients are recommended to have these vaccines
• These vaccines produce bronchodilation and improve

oxygenation

• These vaccines help reduce the tachypnea these

clients experience

• Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and

possibly death in these clients

• Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia & possible death in these

clients Exercise has which of the following effects on clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema?

• It enhances cardiovascular fitness.
• It improves respiratory muscle strength.
• It reduces the number of acute attacks.
• It worsens respiratory function and is discouraged.
• It enhances cardiovascular fitness

Exercise can improve cardiovascular fitness & help the client tolerate periods of hypoxia better, perhaps reducing the risk of heart attack.

Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are given diuretic therapy. Which of the following reasons best explains why?

• Reducing fluid volume reduces oxygen demand
• Reducing fluid volume improves client's mobility
• Restricting fluid volume reduces sputum production
• Reducing fluid volume improves respiratory function
• Reducing fluid volume reduces oxygen demand

Reducing fluid volume reduces the workload of the heart, which reduces oxygen demand & in turn, reduces the RR.A 69 year old client appears thin & cachectic. He's short of breath at rest & his dyspnea increases with the slightest exertion. His breath sounds are diminished, even with deep inspiration. These signs & symptoms fit which of the following conditions?

• Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive disease
• Emphysema
• Emphysema

A client with emphysema should receive only 1 to 3 L/minute of oxygen, if needed, or he may lose his hypoxic drive. Which of the following statements is correct about hypoxic drive?

• The client doesn't notice he needs to breathe
• The client breathes only when his oxygen levels climb

above a certain point

• The client breathes only when his oxygen levels dip

below a certain point

• The client breathes only when his carbon dioxide

levels dip below a certain point

• The client breathes only when his oxygen levels dip below a certain point

Clients with emphysema breathe when their oxygen levels drop to a certain level; this is known as the hypoxic drive Teaching for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should include which of the following topics?

• How to have his wife learn to listen to his lungs with a

stethoscope from Walmart

• How to increase his oxygen therapy
• How to treat respiratory infections without going to

the physician

• How to recognize the signs of an impending

respiratory infection

• How to recognize the signs of an impending respiratory infection

Respiratory infection in clients with a respiratory disorder can be fatal.Which of the following respiratory disorders is the most common in the first 24-48 hours after surgery?

• Atelectasis
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• Pneumothorax
• Atelectasis

Atelectasis develops when there's interference with the normal negative pressure that promotes lung expansion. Clients in the postoperative phase often splint their breathing because of pain & positioning, which causes hypoxia.