NCLEX Questions: Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure

NCLEX Questions: Myocardial Infarction & Heart Failure

ScienceMedicineCardiology katelyn_sandoval2 Save Myocardial Infarction (MI) NCLEX Q...19 terms florahill10Preview Angina/MI NCLEX style questions 21 terms penny_meisenzahl Preview Myocardial Infarction and Heart Fail...70 terms TowlMPreview Myoca 18 terms mic Which of the following actions is first priority of care for a client exhibiting signs & symptoms of coronary artery disease?

• Decrease anxiety
• Enhance myocardial oxygenation
• Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
• Educate the client about his symptoms
• Enhance myocardial oxygenation

Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the first priority when a client exhibits signs or symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygenation, the myocardium suffers damage.Medical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following procedures?

• Cardiac catheterization
• Coronary artery bypass surgery
• Oral medication therapy
• Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
• Oral medication therapy

Oral medication administration is a noninvasive, medical treatment for coronary artery disease.Cardiac catheterization is not a treatment, but a diagnostic tool.

Which of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction (MI)?

• Chest pain
• Dyspnea
• Edema
• Palpitations
• Chest pain

The most common symptom of an MI is chest pain, resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the heart.Which of the following symptoms is the most likely origin of pain the client described as knifelike chest pain that increases in intensity with inspiration?

• Cardiac
• Gastrointestinal
• Musculoskeletal
• Pulmonary
• Pulmonary

Pulmonary pain is generally described by these symptoms.Which of the following blood tests is most indicative of cardiac damage?

• Lactate dehydrogenase
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Troponin I
• Creatine kinase (CK)
• Troponin I

Troponin I levels rise rapidly & are detectable within 1 hr of myocardial injury. Troponin I levels aren't detectable in people without cardiac injury.What is the primary reason for administering morphine to a client with an MI?

• To sedate the client
• To decrease the client's pain
• To decrease the client's anxiety
• To decrease oxygen demand on the client's heart
• To decrease oxygen demand on the client's heart

Morphine is administered because it decreases myocardial oxygen demand.

Which of the following conditions is most commonly responsible for myocardial infarction?

• Aneurysm
• Heart failure
• Coronary artery thrombosis
• Renal failure
• Coronary artery thrombosis

Coronary artery thrombosis causes an inclusion of the artery, leading to myocardial death.Which of the following complications is indicated by a third heart sound (S3)?

• Ventricular dilation
• Systemic hypertension
• Aortic valve malfunction
• Increased atrial contractions
• Ventricular dilation

Rapid filling of the ventricle causes vasodilation that is auscultated as S3.After an anterior wall myocardial infarction, which of the following problems is indicated by auscultation of crackles in the lungs?

• Left-sided heart failure
• Pulmonic valve malfunction
• Right-sided heart failure
• Tricuspid valve malfunction
• Left-sided heart failure

The left ventricle is responsible for most of the cardiac output. An anterior wall myocardial infarction may result in a decrease in left ventricular function.What is the first intervention for a client experiencing MI?

• Administer morphine
• Administer oxygen
• Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
• Obtain an ECG
• Administer oxygen

Administering supplemental oxygen to the client is the first priority of care. The myocardium is deprived of oxygen during an infarction, so additional oxygen is administered to assist in oxygenation & prevent further damage.

Which of the following classes of medications protects the ischemic myocardium by blocking catecholamines & sympathetic nerve stimulation?

• Beta-adrenergic blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Narcotics
• Nitrates
• Beta-adrenergic blockers

Beta-adrenergic blockers work by blocking beta receptors in the myocardium, reducing the response of catecholamines & sympathetic nerve stimulation. They protect the myocardium, helping to reduce the risk of another infarction by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.What is the most common complication of an MI?

• Cardiogenic shock
• Heart failure
• Arrhythmias
• Pericarditis
• Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias, caused by oxygen deprivation to the myocardium, are the most common complication of an MI.With which of the following disorders is jugular vein distention most prominent?

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Heart failure
• MI
• Pneumothorax
• Heart failure

Elevated venous pressure, exhibited as jugular vein distention, indicates a failure of the heart to pump.Toxicity from which of the following medications may cause a client to see a green-yellow halo around lights?

• Digoxin
• Furosemide (Lasix)
• Metoprolol (Lopressor)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Digoxin

One of the most common signs of digoxin toxicity is the visual disturbance known as the "green-yellow halo sign"