NCLEX - RN Vocab

NCLEX - RN Vocab Terms Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (58) Save NCLEX- Medical Terminology 62 terms Drivethru250ml Preview NCLEX RN Test 1 2024-2025 Teacher 312 terms TutorDkPreview 140 Must Know NCLEX Meds 141 terms eyoung389Preview NCLEX 168 term dor Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)Immune disorder caused by infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is characterized by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and rare cancers.Advance directiveA legal document (Or documents) that allows persons to specify specific aspects of care should they become unable to communicate their preferences.Adverse drug reaction / Adverse drug event (ADE) Unwanted response to a pharmaceutical drug AdvocateA person who speaks or writes in support of another person. This is a major role of the nurse.Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991Patients are to be given written notice upon admission to the health care facility of their decision-making rights.

• The right to facilitate their own heath care decisions
• The right to accept/refuse medical treatment
• The right to make an advance health care directive

Alzheimer's disease (ALLS-hime-ers diz-EEZ) Most common form of dementia =, which is a progressive loss of cognitive function.AnemiaReduction in the number of circulation red blood cells, affecting tissue oxygenation.

Apgar scoreA system used to assess newborn infants within 60 seconds after birth, and is repeated 5 minutes later. It provides a numeric indicator of the infant's physiologic capacities to adapt to extra uterine life.

• Maximum score is 10, anything below 7 shows that the infant is having difficulty

AppendicitisAn inflammation of the vermiform appendix, which often requires surgery to remove the appendix ArrhythmiaA pulse with an irregular rhythm, also called dysrhythmia.Rapid arrhythmia ( x > 100 beats ) is called tachycardias Slow arrhythmia ( x < 60>

ContraceptionThe prevention of an unwanted pregnancy. Emergency contraception may use drugs related to the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. These "morning-after pill" are similar to birth control pills but generally contain higher hormone doses. Another form of emergency contraception uses an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted by a physician within 5 days after intercourse.ContraindicationAny symptom, preexisting condition, or circumstance that makes treatment with a drug or medical device unsafe. When administering medications, must be cognizant of any contraindications to the client taking that drug before administering.Cushing's syndromeResults from prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, either from those naturally excreted by the adrenal glands or from glucocorticoid administration.

Symptoms: thinning of the face, weakness, weight gain, bruising, hypertension,

diabetes, thin weak bones (Osteoporosis), facial puffiness, and (In women) the cessation of mistral periods.Cystic fibrosisCharacterized by the production of abnormal secretions, leading to mucus buildup that impairs the pancreas and secondary, the intestine. A disease that causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), frequent lung infections, deficient pancreatic enzymes, and abnormally high electrolytes in the client's sweat.

• Well Known COPD DiseasesAsthma - Narrowing of airways, multiple causes

Emphysema - Caused from smoking Chronic Bronchitis - Inflammation of the airways; coughing, smoking, etc.Cystic Fibrosis - Abnormal amount of mucus secreted Chronic bronchitisInflammation and swelling of the lining of the airways, leading to narrowing and obstruction generally resulting in daily cough. The inflammation stimulates production of mucus, which can cause further blockage of the airways.Obstruction of the airways, especially with mucus, increases the likelihood of bacterial lung infection. Common in persons who have smoked for extended periods.ThrombusBlood clot Deep vein thrombosisA blood clot within a deep vein, typically in the thigh or leg. The blood clot (thrombus) can break off as an embolus and make its way to the lung, where it can cause lung problems. Abbreviated DVT. Also known as economy-class syndrome.

Prevention Methods: Ambulation (Walking around), pneumatic (Air) compression

(Squeezing) stockings, or anticoagulant medications.Common anticoagulants used to prevent blood clots and strokes

• Warfarin (Coumadin and Marevan)
• Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• Apixaban (Eliquis)
• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Autoimmune lymph proliferate syndrome (ALPS) A disease cause by failure of lymphocytes to die once they have finished doing their job. As a result, lymphocytes hang around the spleen and lymph nodes grow large and immune cells attack the body's own tissues, a condition known as autoimmunity.

Causes: Mutation in the FAS gene, FAS gene produces a receptor, when activated,

leads to prolonged cell death or apoptosis. No message = Buildup of WBC

Symptoms: Fatigue, nosebleeds, and infections - result from a proliferation of

lymphocytes and autoimmune destruction of other blood cells.MononucleosisInfection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4, HHV - 4) in which there is an increase of white blood cells that have a single nucleus (Monocytes).Spread through saliva. Incubation period of 4-8 weeks.

Symptoms: fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph node glands, liver

inflammation and spleen enlargement.DermatitisInflammation of the skin, either due to an inherent skin defect, direct contact with an irritating substance, or to an allergic reaction. Symptoms of dermatitis include redness, itching, and in some cases blistering. Eczema can be particularly severe and difficult to treat once it is established. Treatment is two-fold. People who suffer from dermatitis must identify and avoid substances that cause attacks.During attacks they may use topical treatments, such as steroid creams.Breast cancerA malignant neoplasm of the breast tissue. This risk increases with age and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. 1 in 8 women are diagnosed with this.Women between the age of 35 and 40 should be tested with mammogram and after 40 they should be tested every other year.Chronic illnessAn illness that lasts for an extended period of time usually 3 or more months. This illness can often last the person's entire lifetime.Client rights1. The right for clients to make choices and decisions relating to their health care

• Can expect nurse-client relationship based on respect, trust, collaboration, and

consideration of their thoughts and feelings Code of EthicsA formal statement of ideas and values. Understanding the personal and professional ethics - to maintain integrity, follow moral compass Continuity of careThe coordination of health care for clients who move from one health setting to another, and between and among health care practitioners. When transferring health care settings, the nurse must provide one of these with the discharge planning.Diabetes mellitus (DM)Chronic metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high blood glucose

levels (Hyperglycemia) and is compromised of two types: Type 1 DM - caused by

a lack of secretion of insulin by the pancreas; type 2 DM insulin receptors that lack sensitivity to insulin.