NCLEX Study Guide 2 - Signs Symptoms of Diseases

NCLEX Study Guide 2 - Signs & Symptoms of Diseases / Processes Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (65) Save Diseases/Conditions to Know for N...41 terms Brooke011501Preview HESI - Fundamentals practice questi...327 terms morganpruitt28 Preview Dosage Calculation Practice Exam 1...20 terms MtandinganPreview Fundam Teacher Sim S/S of PTSD (*Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)a) Deja vu

b) Hypervigalance

S/S of Addison Disease (*Body has too little aldosterone - not enough steroids) *Hallmark sign - a) Bronzelike skin pigmentation

• muscle twitching, then weakness, then flaccid paralysis
• anorexia/nausea
• decreased bowel sounds

e) GI upset

• decreased sodium/increased potassium
• hypotension
• pulse - weak & thready

S/S of Cushings Syndrome (*Body has too much aldosterone - also known as Hyperaldosteronism) *Hallmark signs - a) moon face & buffalo hump

• distended neck veins

c) Increased blood pressure

d) Increased weight

e) Pulse - full & bounding

f) Lungs - wet

S/S of Graves Disease (*Also known as Hyperthyroidism) *Hallmark sign - a) bulging eyes (exophthalmos)

b) Increased BP

c) Irritable

d) Decreased weight

e) Decreased attention span

f) Increased appetite

g) Nervous, sweaty, hot

i) Enlarged thyroid

S/S of Intussusception (*the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another) Usually occurs in children under the age of 2 years.Hallmark sign - a) abdominal pain that causes the child to draw the knees up toward the chest.

• abdominal swelling
• vomiting up bile
• passing stools mixed w/blood & mucus (known as currant jelly stool)
• grunting

S/S of Multiple Sclerosis (*a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting movement, sensation, and bodily functions, caused by destruction of the myelin insulation covering nerve fibers (neurons) in the CNS (brain and spinal cord).

a) Charcot's Triad

• nystagmus - rapid movement - eyes

ii. intension tumor iii. dysarthria - difficult/unclear speech S/S of Myasthenia Gravis (*an autoimmune disease affecting the communication between the nerve and muscle causing weakness).

a) Muscle weakness

b) Ptosis (drooping of the eye lids)

S/S Guillian Barre Syndrome (*Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis due to loss of myelin).Hallmark sign - ascending muscle weakness (Starts in the legs and spreads to the arms) S/S DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)Positive Homans Sign (pain in calf upon dorsiflexion of foot with leg extended) D-Dimer lab Test (blood work) S/S Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)a) Crushing, stabbing pain radiating to left shoulder, neck & arms

b) SOB

• nausea/vomiting
• diaphoresis

*Remember, S/S can be different for a female *Myocardial infarction is not relieved with NTG S/S of Parkinsons Disease (*destruction of brain cells that produce dopamine)

a) Rolling tremors

b) Hypokinesia (reduced movement)

c) Shuffling gait

d) Rigidity of muscles

S/S of CMV -cytomegalovirus infection (*herpesvirus (HHV-3) can be acquired in infancy if mother is immunosupressed & can cause microencephaly. CMV is transmitted in blood) Hallmark sign - blood work will show Owls eye appearance of cells (Huge Nucleus in the cells) S/S of GlaucomaTunnel vision S/S Retinal Detachmenta) Flashes of light - not painful

b) Shadow w/curtain across vision

S/S Basilar Skull Fracturea) Raccoon Eyes (periorbital ecchymosis)

b) Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis)

S/S Herpes Simplex Type II (*STD - genital herpes transmitted through sexual contact) Painful vesicles on genitalia 1-2 cm in diameter

S/S Syphilis (*STD - systemic disease that may be either congenital or acquired through sexual contact or contaminated needles) Painless chancres (ulcers on the genitalia) S/S of Chancroid - (*STD - sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial infection) Painful chancres (ulcers on the genitalia) S/S of Gonorrhea - (*STD - highly contagious - known as the "CLAP". Begins as an infection in the urethra for the males and cervix for the females.) Green, creamy discharge Painful urination S/S of Chlamydia - (wide-spread gram-negative bacteria.Known as the silent STD) Milky discharge Painful urination S/S of Candidiasis - (*bacterial yeast infection - vaginal) White cheesy, curd like discharge odorless S/S of Trichomoniasis - (*infection of the genital and urinary tract. It is the most common sexually transmitted disease) Yellow, itchy, frothy, foul smelling vaginal discharge S/S of Emphysema (*Chronic respiratory disease) Hallmark sign - barrel chest S/S of Asthma (*Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) Hallmark sign - wheezing on expiration S/S of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (*Infectious, inflammatory, REPORTABLE disease that is chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), although it may occur in almost any part of the body. The causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hallmark sign - low grade afternoon fever S/S of Pneumonia (*Infection of the lung; can be bacterial or viral) Hallmark sign - rust colored sputum S/S of Kawasaki Syndrome (*A childhood illness - inflammation of the medium sized blood vessels and coronary arteries) Hallmark sign - strawberry tongue S/S of pernicious anemia (*lack of Vitamin B12) Hallmark sign - beefy red tongue S/S of Down Syndrome (*most common cause of mental retardation and malformation in a newborn. Occurs because of the presence of an extra chromosome.) Hallmark sign - protruding tongue S/S of Chlorea (*Bacterial disease of the small intestine) Hallmark signs - rice watery stool and washer womans hands S/S of Malaria (*infectious disease spread by mosquitos) Hallmark sign - step ladder fever with chills (temp. rises gradually to a higher level)

S/S of Typhoid (*bacterial infection transmitted by contaminated water, milk or other foods, especially shellfish. The causative organism is Salmonella typhi, found in human feces) Hallmark sign - rose spots on abdomen S/S of Dengue (*viral -found in the tropics, caused by mosquitos)

• fever
• rash
• headache
• hermans sign (purplish areas)

S/S of Diphtheria - (*upper respiratory disease - potentially fatal, contagious disease that usually involves the nose, throat, and air passages, but may also infect the skin.Hallmark sign - formation of grayish membrane covering the tonsils and upper part of the throat S/S of FVD (fluid volume deficit) Also known as Hypovolemia

• decreased weight
• decreased skin turgor
• dry mucous membranes
• decreased urine output
• decreased blood pressure (less volume/less pressure)
• increased pulse
• increased respirations

S/S of FVE (fluid volume excess) Also known as Hypervolemia

• distended neck veins
• peripheral edema
• wet lung sounds
• polyuria
• bounding pulse
• increased weight
• increased blood pressure (more volume/more pressure)

h) SOB

S/S of Polycythemia (*increase in the total red blood cell mass of the blood; resulting in elevation of the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin level, and an increase in the number of leukocytes and platelets)

• increased clotting time

b) Increased blood pressure

c) Headaches

S/S of Pre-eclampsia (*Increased BP, proteinuria and edema after 20th week of pregnancy)

• sudden weight gain
• face & hands swollen
• headache, blurred vision, seeing spots
• hyper-reflexia (increased DTRs)
• clonus -> seizure

S/S of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (*a heart defect that occurs when the temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery does not close at birth.) Hallmark sign - washing machine like murmur

• wide pulse pressure
• bounding pulse
• asymptomatic
• increased pulmonary blood flow

S/S of Pyloric Stenosis (*narrowing of the passage between the stomach and the small intestine) Affects infants.Hallmark sign - olive shaped mass