NCLEX-Style Quiz on Burn

NCLEX-Style Quiz on Burn Management and Care Aleiah00 Created 25/02/25 Save Share Understanding Burn Injuries Causes and Risk Factors Classification of Burns Types of Burns The primary cause of edema in burn injuries is vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, leading to fluid leakage into interstitial spaces.• Elderly individuals are at the highest risk for burn injuries due to factors such as decreased mobility, sensory deficits, and cognitive impairments.• Children and adolescents are also at high risk due to their curiosity and lack of understanding of dangers.• Burns are classified into four categories: superficial (first-degree), superficial partial- thickness (second-degree), deep partial-thickness (third-degree), and full-thickness (fourth-degree).• A superficial burn presents with red, painful skin that blanches with pressure, while a deep partial-thickness burn may have blister formation and severe pain.• Full-thickness burns involve all layers of the skin and may appear dry and waxy, often requiring surgical intervention.• Superficial Burns: Affect only the epidermis, characterized by redness and pain. They typically heal without scarring.• Partial-Thickness Burns: Involve the epidermis and part of the dermis, presenting with blisters and severe pain. They may heal with some scarring.• Give it a go

Burn Severity Assessment Risk Factors for Burn Injuries Assessment and Diagnostics Key Assessments for Burn Patients Diagnostic Tests and Lab Values Treatment and Management Full-Thickness Burns: Extend through the dermis and affect deeper tissues, often requiring skin grafts for healing. They appear dry and waxy.• Total Body Surface Area (TBSA): Calculated using the Rule of Nines, which divides the body into sections representing 9% or multiples thereof.•

Circumferential Burns: Burns that encircle a limb or torso, posing risks for

compartment syndrome due to swelling.• Demographics: Children, adolescents, and working-age adults are at higher risk for burn injuries due to various factors including exposure and activity levels.• Environmental Factors: Scalding liquids, flames, and electrical sources are common causes of burns.• The priority assessment for a burn patient is airway patency, especially in cases of suspected inhalation injury.• Signs of inhalation injury include soot around the mouth and singed nasal hairs, indicating potential airway compromise.• Monitoring vital signs, including heart rate and blood pressure, is crucial to assess for shock and other complications.• Important lab values to monitor in burn patients include electrolytes and kidney function, as burns can lead to significant fluid shifts and renal impairment.• The first diagnostic test for a patient with suspected inhalation injury is a chest X-ray to evaluate for airway obstruction or pulmonary injury.• Arterial blood gas (ABG) results are critical in assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with inhalation injuries.•

Fluid Resuscitation and Nutritional Support Pain Management and Physical Therapy Complications and Prevention Complications Associated with Burns Burn Prevention Education Nursing Interventions in Burn Care The primary concern for a burn patient in the first 24 hours is hypovolemic shock due to fluid loss.• The Parkland Burn Formula is used to calculate fluid resuscitation needs, which is 4 mL/kg/%TBSA burned in the first 24 hours.• Early enteral feeding is recommended to support the hypermetabolic state and promote healing.• Common medications for pain management in burn patients include morphine, which provides effective analgesia.• Early range of motion (ROM) exercises are essential to prevent contractures and maintain mobility during recovery.• Addressing pain management is crucial to encourage participation in physical therapy, which is vital for rehabilitation.• Electrical burns can lead to severe complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias and hyperkalemia due to muscle damage and electrolyte imbalances.• Signs of sepsis in burn patients include cool extremities and altered vital signs, indicating systemic infection.• Hypovolemia and shock are common complications that require immediate intervention to prevent organ failure.• Community education on burn prevention is essential; statements about kitchen safety and supervision of children near flames are critical.• Misconceptions about treating chemical burns, such as rinsing with water immediately, need clarification to prevent further injury.• Setting water heaters above 140°F is dangerous and should be avoided to prevent scalding injuries.•

Pain Management Fluid Resuscitation Infection Control and Wound Care Complications and Monitoring Complications of Burns Monitoring Parameters Patient Education Pre-medication: Administering pain medication 30 minutes before physical therapy can help manage pain and encourage participation in rehabilitation.• Monitoring: Assessing respiratory rate and sedation levels in patients receiving opioids is crucial to prevent respiratory depression.• Parkland Formula: Used to calculate fluid needs in burn patients: 4 mL × weight (kg) × TBSA (%). For a patient weighing 80 kg with 50% TBSA, the total fluid requirement is 16,000 mL in the first 24 hours.• Indicators of Adequate Perfusion: A systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg and urine output of at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr are signs of adequate perfusion.• Debridement: Priority during debridement is to assess for bleeding and manage pain effectively.• Topical Agents: Silver sulfadiazine is commonly used, but contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies.•

Contractures: Early and aggressive physical therapy is essential to prevent

contractures, which can limit mobility and function.• Sepsis: Monitor for signs of sepsis, such as hypotension and elevated white blood cell counts, which indicate worsening conditions.• Vital Signs: Regular monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate is critical in burn patients to detect complications early.• Urine Output: A key indicator of renal perfusion and fluid resuscitation success; should be at least 0.5 mL/kg/hr.• Outline Quick reference