NGN NCLEX RN Review - Answer: Excessive K intake, IV K Infusions Decr...

NGN NCLEX RN Review

1. causes of hyperkalemia:

Answer:

Excessive K intake, IV K Infusions Decreased renal function K sparing diuretics -Aldactone,Dyrenium Metabolic Acidosis,Hypergylcemia Addisons disease Hemolysis, Chemotherapy Tissue damage, crush injuries, burns Drugs: Capotril,Cyclosporin, Heparin, Dig toxicity,Penicillin Salts, Beta Blockers

2. treatments for hyperkalemia:

Answer:

Potassium restriction IV sodium bicarb Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) Orally given every 4-6 hours and results occur in 1-2 hours Rectally given has a retention enema every 2-4 hours Enema removes K in 30-60 minutes Monitor labs and EKG

3. normal calcium levels:

Answer:

9.0-10.5 mEq/l

4. hypocalcemia:

Answer:

low calcium in blood Tetany Prolonged Q-T wave Anxiety Irritability Confusion Convulsions

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5. causes of hypocalcemia:

Answer:

Dietary: Lack of Ca intake, Inadequate Vit D or lack

of protein, malabsorption Hypomagnesemia, Hyperphosphatemia

GI: Chronic Diarrhea

Pancreatitis Calcium Binders

6. treatments of hypocalcemia:

Answer:

Oral Calcium with Vit D bid 10% IV Calcium Gluconate in D5W Monitor serum Ca levels Monitor ECG, and Vital Signs Teach foods rich in Calcium

7. tetany:

Answer:

nervous disorders marked by intermittent spasms or tingling around mouth and hands and feet as well as muscle spasms of extremities and face

8. Chvostek's sign:

Answer:

a spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve in the region of the parotid gland HYPOcalcemia

9. Trousseau's sign:

Answer:

a muscle spasm elicited by putting pressure on the upperarm HYPOcalcemia

10. hypercalcemia:

Answer:

high calcium Muscle weakness 2 / 3

Tiredness Lethargy Constipation, anorexia, N&V Depression Apathy Deep bone pain Calcium stones

11. causes of hypercalcemia:

Answer:

Increased PTH, Immobility Metastasis Neoplastic Disease -breast , prostate, melanomas, bone, others Cellular destruction, bone tumor Dietary increased calcium salts, or Vit D Diuretics, Thiazides Over use of Ca containing antacids

12. Normal Sodium level:

Answer:

135-145

13. Hyponatremia:

Answer:

low sodium in the blood

Chronic: Anorexia, Nausea, Emesis, Muscular, Weakness, Irritability

Severe: gait changes, stupor, seizures, coma

14. causes of hyponatremia:

Answer:

Causes of hyponatremia:

Diuretics-Thiazide Drugs Dietary Changes,Low Na diet, Excessive water intake with sweating Fad diets, Anorexia nervosa.GI vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, Tap water enemas,diuretics, kidney disease

15. Treatments for hyponatremia:

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