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NSG318 / NSG 318 EXAM 1
Introduction to Pharmacology - GCU Actual Questions and Answers 100% Guarantee Pass
This Exam contains:
100% Guarantee Pass. Each Question Includes The Correct Answer Expert-Verified explanation 1 / 4
What are the 3 liver enzymes?
Correct Answer:
Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Expert Raonale:
AST, ALT, and ALP are primary biomarkers measured to assess hepac funcon. AST and ALT are intracellular enzymes released into the circulaon following hepatocellular injury and are crucial for evaluang hepatocellular damage. ALP, while found in the liver, also exists in bone and other ssues and can be elevated in condions affecng bile flow (cholestasis). Comprehensive assessment of liver dysfuncon relies on evaluang all three in conjuncon with clinical presentaon.--- What method of administraon is pu ng a tablet under the tongue?
Correct Answer:
Sublingual
Expert Raonale:
The sublingual route involves placing medicaon under the tongue for absorpon via the rich vascular supply. This bypasses the 2 / 4
gastrointesnal tract and hepac first-pass metabolism, thus facilitang more rapid and efficient systemic drug availability.
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What lab test reflects the funcon of the kidney?
Correct Answer:
Creanine
Expert Raonale:
Serum creanine is a key marker of renal funcon, as its concentraon in blood increases with renal impairment. Because creanine is primarily filtered by the glomerulus and only minimally secreted by renal tubules, changes in its concentraon are a sensive indicator of glomerular filtraon rate (GFR).
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Decreased responsiveness of a drug over the course of therapy is the definion of what?
Correct Answer: 3 / 4
Tolerance
Expert Raonale:
Tolerance refers to a pharmacological phenomenon where sustained drug exposure results in decreased efficacy, requiring higher doses to achieve the same therapeuc effect. It is disnct from dependence or addicon, and can develop with various drug classes, notably opioids and benzodiazepines.
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Tachyphylaxis
Correct Answer:
Rapid tolerance
Expert Raonale:
Tachyphylaxis is characterized by a sudden, acute decrease in response to a drug a1er inial doses. This is typically observed with some medicaons such as decongestants or nitrates, and differenates from tolerance by its rapid onset, rendering subsequent doses ineffecve shortly a1er administraon begins.
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