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NUR 2392 Multidimensional Care II Exam 2
- Uncompensated
Answer
pH and one other value is abnormal
- Partial compensation
Answer
pH, CO2, and HCO3 are all off
- Full compensation
Answer
pH is normal
- Acidosis
Answer
reduces the excitability of cardiovascular muscle, neurons, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle.
- Alkalosis
Answer
increases the sensitivity of excitable tissues allowing them to OVER- RESPOND without stimulation 1 / 3
- ABG considerations
Answer
- Assess cardiovascular w/ acidosis (cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia)
- Assess neuro status
- Fall precautions
- Bicarb HC03
Answer
kidney compensation (slow and powerful)
- Respiratory PaC02
Answer
Respiratory compensation (fast but limited)
- Metabolic acidosis causes
Answer
DKA, Starvation, diarrhea, kidney failure, dehydration, liver failure, pancreatitis, heavy exercise, seizure activity, fever, hypoxia, ischemia, ethanol/methanol intoxication
- Metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms
Answer
bradycardia, hypotension, thready pulse, CNS depression, hyporeflexia, kussmal resp (with resp compensation), warm, flushed, dry skin. 2 / 3
- Metabolic acidosis treatment
Answer
hydration and medication to treat underlying problems (DKA - give insulin).
- Metabolic alkalosis causes
Answer
antacids, blood transfusion, sodium bicarbonate, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, hypercortisolism, hyperaldosteronism, Loop/Thiazide diuretics.
- Metabolic Alkalosis s/s
Answer
anxiety, irritability, tetany, seizures, POSITIVE CHVOSTEK, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU, parathesis, hyperreflexia, muscle cramping/twitching, skeletal muscle weakness, Tachycardia, norm/low BP, increased Digoxin toxicity, decreased respiratory effort (muscle weakness).
- metabolic alkalosis treatment
Answer
restore fluid/electrolyte imbalances
- Respiratory acidosis cause
Answer
Opioids, anesthetics, electrolyte imbalance, in- adequate chest expansion, muscle weakness, airway obstruction, alveolar-capillary block.
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