Oncology NCLEX Questions

Oncology NCLEX Questions ScienceMedicineNursing kayc0622 Save Cancer & Oncology Nursing NCLEX ...50 terms dwren47Preview Oncology NCLEX practice question...30 terms arensdorfPreview Chapter 15: Oncology: Nursing Man...40 terms Zacha_Alvarado Preview Med-S 63 terms rcs1 The nurse is teaching the 47-year-old female client about recommended screening practices for breast cancer. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the nurse's instructions?

• "My mother and grandmother had breast cancer, so I am at risk."
• "I get a mammography every 2 years since I turned 30."
• "A clinical breast examination is performed every month since I turned 40."
• "A CT scan will be done every year after I turn 50."
• A strong family history of breast cancer indicates a risk for breast cancer. Annual screening may be indicated for a strong family history. The

client may perform a self-breast examination monthly; a clinical examination by a health care provider is indicated annually. An annual mammography is performed after age 40 or in younger clients with a strong family history.The nurse manager in a long-term care facility is developing a plan for primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Which tasks associated with the screening plan will be delegated to nursing assistants within the facility?

• Testing of stool specimens for occult blood
• Teaching about the importance of dietary fiber
• Referring clients for colonoscopy procedures
• Giving vitamin and mineral supplements
• Testing of stool specimens for occult blood is done according to a standardized protocol and can be delegated to nursing assistants.

The nurse includes which of the following in teaching regarding the warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply.

• Persistent constipation
• Scab present for 6 months
• Curdlike vaginal discharge
• Axillary swelling
• Headache

A,B,D: Change in bowel habit, A sore that does not heal, A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere is a warning signal of cancer.

Which of these does the nurse recognize as the goal of palliative surgery for the client with cancer?

• Cure of the cancer
• Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life
• Allowing other therapies to be more effective
• Prolonging the client's survival time
• The focus of palliative surgery is to improve quality of life during the survival time.

Which signs or symptoms should the nurse report immediately because they indicate thrombocytopenia secondary to cancer chemotherapy?Select all that apply.

• Bruises
• Fever
• Petechiae
• Epistaxis
• Pallor

A,C,D: Fever is a sign of infection secondary to neutropenia.Pallor is a sign of anemia.Which intervention will be most helpful for the client with mucositis?

• Administering a biological response modifier
• Encouraging oral care with commercial mouthwash
• Providing oral care with a disposable mouth swab
• Maintaining NPO until the lesions have resolved
• Mouth swabs are soft and disposable and therefore clean. Commercial mouthwashes should be avoided because they may contain alcohol

or other drying agents that may further irritate the mucosa.When caring for a client who has had a colostomy created as part of a regimen to treat colon cancer, which activities would help to support the client in accepting changes in appearance or function? Select all that apply.

• Explain to the client that the colostomy is only temporary.
• Encourage the client to participate in changing the ostomy.
• Obtain a psychiatric consultation.
• Offer to have a person who is coping with a colostomy visit.
• Encourage the client and family members to express their feelings and concerns

B,D,E The nurse has received in report that the client receiving chemotherapy has severe neutropenia. Which of the following does the nurse plan to implement? Select all that apply.

• Assess for fever.
• Observe for bleeding.
• Administer pegfilgrastim (Neulasta).
• Do not permit fresh flowers or plants in the room.
• Do not allow his 16-year-old son to visit.
• Teach the client to omit raw fruits and vegetables from his diet.

A,C,D,F: Any temperature elevation in a client with neutropenia is considered a sign of infection and should be reported immediately.Administration of biological response modifiers, such as filgrastim (Neupogen) and pegfilgrastim (Neulasta), is indicated in neutropenia to prevent infection and sepsis.All fruits and vegetables should be cooked well; raw fruits and vegetables may harbor organisms, as well as Flowers and plants.Thrombocytopenia cause bleeding, not low neutrophils.The client is at risk for infection, not the visitors, if they are well. However, very small children, who may get frequent colds and viral infections, may pose a risk.

Which of the following items would be most beneficial when providing oral care to a patient with metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury secondary to chemotherapy?

• Firm-bristle toothbrush
• Hydrogen peroxide rinse
• Alcohol-based mouthwash
• 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse
• A salt-water mouth rinse will not cause further irritation to oral tissue that is fragile because of mucositis, which is a side effect of

chemotherapy.Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for a patient experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment?

• Acute pain
• Hypothermia
• Powerlessness
• Risk for infection
• Myelosuppression is accompanied by a high risk of infection and sepsis. Hypothermia, powerlessness, and acute pain are also possible

nursing diagnoses for patients undergoing chemotherapy, but the threat of infection is paramount.Previous administrations of chemotherapy agents to a cancer patient have resulted in diarrhea. Which of the following dietary modifications should the nurse recommend?

• A bland, low-fiber diet
• A high-protein, high-calorie diet
• A diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables
• A diet emphasizing whole and organic foods
• Patients experiencing diarrhea secondary to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy often benefit from a diet low in seasonings and

roughage. Fresh fruits and vegetables are high in fiber and should be minimized during treatment. Whole and organic foods do not prevent diarrhea.When teaching women about the risk of breast cancer, which risk factor does the nurse know is the most common for the development of the disease?

• Having an aunt with breast cancer
• Being an older adult
• Being a Euro-American
• Consuming a low-fat diet
• There is no single-known cause for breast cancer. Being an older woman or man is the primary risk factor, although some people are at higher

risk than others. Having a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) with breast cancer can increase the risk; an aunt is not considered a first-degree relative. Although Euro-American women older than 40 years are at a more increased risk than other racial/ethnic groups, the greater risk is being an older adult. Consuming a high-fat diet is considered a risk factor.

A client had a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) yesterday. The staff nurse notes that the hemoglobin is 8.2 g/dL. What is the nurse's best action?

• Notify the charge nurse as soon as possible.
• Irrigate the catheter with 30 mL normal saline.
• Document the assessment in the medical record.
• Prepare for a blood transfusion.
• Blood transfusions are commonly given after a TURP surgery; a blood transfusion is warranted for a hemoglobin reading of 8.2 g/dL. The

nurse is capable of managing this situation with the physician, especially since blood transfusions after a TURP are common. Irrigating the catheter is necessary only if the color of the drainage indicates bleeding or there is a presence of clots. Documentation should be done, but it is not the first priority.A nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia who has a suspected infection. Which intervention does the nurse implement first?

• Hydrates the client with 1000 mL of IV normal saline
• Initiates the administration of prescribed antibiotics
• Obtains requested cultures
• Places the client on Bleeding Precautions
• Obtaining cultures to identify the infectious agent correctly is the priority for this client.

The nurse suspects that which client has the highest risk for breast cancer?

• Older adult woman with high breast density
• Nullipara older adult woman
• Obese older adult male with gynecomastia
• Middle-aged woman with high breast density
• People at high increased risk for breast cancer include women aged 65 years and older with high breast density.

The nurse is discussing treatment options with the client newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

• "Hormonal therapy is only used to prevent the growth of cancer. It won't get rid of it."
• "I might have chemotherapy before surgery."
• "If I get radiation, I am not radioactive to others."
• "Radiation will remove the cancer, so I might not need surgery."
• Typically, radiation therapy follows surgery to kill residual tumor cells. Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the therapeutic regimen and is

effective treatment for almost all sites where breast cancer can metastasize. The purpose of radiation therapy is to reduce the risk for local recurrence of breast cancer.The client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is being discharged with alpha-adrenergic blockers. Which information is important for the nurse to include when teaching the client about this type of pharmacologic management? Select all that apply.

• Avoid drugs used to treat erection problems.
• Be careful when changing positions.
• Keep all appointments for follow-up laboratory testing.
• Hearing tests will need to be conducted periodically.
• Take the medication in the afternoon.

A-C: Drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction can worsen side effects, such as hypotension. Alpha-adrenergic blockers may cause orthostatic hypotension, can cause liver damage, do not affect hearing and should be taken in the evening to decrease the risk of problems related to hypotension.