Pathophysiology NCLEX Questions: Diabetes

Pathophysiology NCLEX Questions: Diabetes

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tiffany_moudry Preview Endocr 51 terms cam A client is experiencing an episode of hypoglycemia. The nurse understands that the physiological mechanism that would take place to combat this decline in blood glucose level is which one?

• decrease cortisol release
• increased insuin secretion
• increased glucagon secretion
• decreased epinepherine release

3; Glucagon is released from the pancreatic alpha cells in response to declining blood glucose levels. It also INCREASES cortisol release, DECREASES insulin, and INCREASES epinepherine.A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL. The nurse anticipates that this client is experiencing which type of acid/base imbalance?

• metabolic acidosis
• metabolic alkalosis
• respiratory acidosis
• respiratory alkalosis

1; Diabetes mellitus can lead to metabolic acidosis (also known as diabetic ketoacidosis) The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus in measures to prevent neuropathy. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?

• "I need to be sure I take really good care of my feet"
• "I may need to undergo a bladder retaining program"
• "If impotence develops, there are various treatment options"
• "My blood pressure has no effect on my risk for this complication"

4; diabetic neuropathy is general deterioration of the nervous system throughout the body can cause ulcers of the feet, gastric paresis, erectile dysfunction. (NOTE = "need for further instruction" indicates an incorrect client statement)

The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes mellitus about proper foot care and would provide the client with which instructions? Select all that apply.

• Cut toenails straight across
• Soak feet in hot water after showering.
• Check the feet daily for skin problems.
• Use a harsh soap to cleanse and remove dead skin from the bottom of the feet.
• Apply moisturizing lotion to the feet, avoiding application to the toes.

1, 3, 5: Clients should not soak their feet and should use a mild soap (NOTE = eliminate 2 and 4 because of the terms "hot" and "harsh") The nurse is assisting a client with diabetes mellitus who is recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to develop a care plan to prevent reccurrence. Which instructions are most important to include in the plan? Select all that apply.

• Test urine for ketone levels.
• Eat 6 to 8 small meals a day.
• Receive appropriate follow-up healhcare.
• Monitor blood glucose levels 2-4 times a day.
• Notify the primary healthcare provider when illness occurs.

4, 5; The most important instruction is to mopnitor blood glucose. The client will also need to alert the priamry healthcare provider of infections.Follow-ups will most likely not prevent recurrence, urinalysis of ketones will already show that DKA had occureed again, and the client will eat regardless. Terms (5) Hide definitions