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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY P ORTH ACTUAL
FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS |ALREADY
GRADED A+ |LATEST VER SION
what are hormones? - ANSWER-molecules and chemical messengers
what is hormone function closely linked to? - ANSWER--nervous system function and the immune system.
what do hormones act on? - ANSWER-specific and appropriate receptors found on target cells
what are the two types of receptors? - ANSWER-1. cell surface receptors
- intracellular nuclear receptors
what are cell surface receptors? - ANSWER-soluble in water and cannot pass through the bilipid layer of a cell membrane.the hormone is the first messenger it binds with a second messenger that appears within the cytoplasm.the second messenger acts as an enzyme activator.
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what are intracellular receptors? - ANSWER-lipid soluble. they can cross cell membranes of target cells directly.
what are the 4 generalized physiologic functions of the liver? - ANSWER-1.metabolic functions
- bile formation and flow
- bilirubin formation and jaundice
- Cholestasis
the liver oxidizes free fatty acids to.... - ANSWER-ketoacids
in fatty liver disease, fat accumulates in the .... - ANSWER-hepatocytes
the appearance of small, regular nodules on the surface of the liver is an indication of - ANSWER-cirrhosis
alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by... - ANSWER-inflammation and necrosis of liver cells
the structures that are affected by cirrhosis in the liver are what? - ANSWER--bile ducts -hepatic portal veins
- liver parenchyma
in cirrhosis, normal liver tissue is replaced by_____ tissue. - ANSWER-Fibrous
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