PCBl 3233l Finall Examl Latestl 2026l 2027l

PCBl 3233l Finall Examl (Latestl 2026/l 2027l Update)l Review|l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A

Q:l leukocytel adhesionl molecules

Answer:

1.l L-selectins-l carbohydratel -bindingl lectinsl l -l Ligandl =l GlyCAM-1,l CD34,l MadCAM-1 2.l vascularl addressinsl (CD34)l -l containl carbohydratel groupsl whichl selectinsl bindl l -l Ligandl =l L-selectin 3.l integrinsl (LFA-1,l CD11a/CD18)-l bindl tol Igl superfamilyl proteinsl l -l Ligandl =l ICAMs 4.l immunoglobulinl superfamilyl (CD2/LFA-2)l -l ICAM-1 l -l Ligandl =l LFA-3

Q:l extravasation

Answer:

allowl thel neutrophilsl tol exitl thel bloodl nearl thel sitel ofl infectionl (rollingl adhesion>l tightl binding>l diapedesisl >l migration)

Q:l respiratoryl burst

Answer:

transientl increasel inl oxygenl consumption=l purposel isl tol raisel thel pHl ofl thel phagosomel sol thel granulel contentsl canl becomel activel tol killl pathogen

Q:l netosis

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Answer:

al wayl neutrophilsl diel thatl leadsl tol capturel andl destructionl ofl thel pathogen

Q:l acutel phasel proteins

Answer:

producedl inl responsel tol inflammatoryl cytokines;l producedl byl hepatocytesl inl liver

Q:l MASP

Answer:

MBL-associatedl serinel protease -l MASP-1l andl MASP-2 l -l MASP-2l (serinel protease) l -l cleavesl C4l andl C2 l -l initiatesl complementl activation

Q:l typel Il interferon

Answer:

-l interferesl withl virall replicationl byl infectedl cells -l alertl immunel systeml cellsl thatl infectionl isl present -l makel virus-infectedl cellsl morel vulnerablel tol killerl lymphocytel attack

Q:l affinity

Answer:

thel tightnessl ofl bindingl ofl anl antibodyl bindingl sitel tol anl antigen -l antibodiesl producedl byl al memoryl responsel havel al higherl affinityl thanl thosel inl al primaryl response

Q:l avidity

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Answer:

thel firmnessl ofl associationl betweenl al multil determinantl antigenl andl thel antibodiesl producedl againstl it

Q:l proteases

Answer:

cleavel antibodyl intol Fabl andl Fcl fragmentsl (2l Fabl andl 1l Fc) l -l Fabl (fragmentl antigenl binding)l =l antigenl bindingl part l -l Fcl (fragmentl crystallizable)l =l partl responsiblel forl effectorl functions

Q:l antibodyl classes

Answer:

heavyl chainl constantl regionsl definel fivel mainl isotypesl ofl antibodies:l IgA,l IgD,l IgE,l IgGl andl IgM

Q:l lightl chainl isotypes

Answer:

kappal andl lambda

Q:l IgG

Answer:

-fourl differentl subclassesl (l IgG1,l IgG2,l IgG3l andl IgG4)l -mostl abundantl Igl inl thel bloodl -crossesl placental tol providel passivel immunityl tol newbornl -canl activatel complement -monomer

Q:l IgA

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Answer:

-majorl Igl presentl inl externall secretionsl (saliva,l sweat,l breastl milk) -al firstl linel ofl defensel againstl microbesl enteringl throughl mucosall surfacesl -preventsl colonizationl ofl mucosall surfacesl byl pathogensl andl mediatesl theirl phagocytosis -monomerl andl dimer

Q:l IgM

Answer:

-firstl antibodyl producedl byl Bl cellsl -madel byl plasmal cellsl inl lymphoidl organs -lowl affinity,l thereforel multiplel bindingl sitesl arel neededl forl strongl bondingl (highl avidity) -pentamers

Q:l IgE

Answer:

-presentl inl seruml atl veryl lowl levelsl -associatedl withl allergicl reactionsl -bindsl tol highl affinityl receptorl onl mastl cellsl -involvedl inl protectionl froml infectionl byl wormsl -involvedl inl acutel inflammation -monomer

Q:l IgD

Answer:

-presentl inl lowl quantitiesl inl thel circulation -functionsl primarilyl asl anl antigenl receptorl onl Bl cells -monomer

Q:l L-chain

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