Pediatric NCLEX Questions

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PEDS N

751 term mat After a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, which finding should alert the nurse to suspect early hemorrhage in a 5-year-old child?

• drooling of bright red secretions
• pulse rate of 95 bpm
• vomiting of 25 mL of dark brown emesis
• BP of 95/56 mm HG

Answer: a. drooling of bright red secretions

A nurse is teaching the parents of a pre-schooler about the possibility of postoperative hemorrhage after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. When should the nurse explain that the risk of bleeding is the greatest?

• 1-3 days post-op
• 4-6 days post-op
• 7-10 days post-op
• 11-14 days post-op

Answer: c. 7-10 days post-op

Which assessment findings should lead the nurse to suspect that a toddler is experiencing respiratory distress? Select all that apply.

• coughing
• respiratory rate of 35 breaths/min
• heart rate of 95 beats/min
• restlessness
• malaise
• diaphoresis

Answers:

• coughing
• respiratory rate of 35 breaths/min
• restlessness
• diaphoresis

A child with cystic fibrosis is receiving gentamicin. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

• monitoring intake and output
• obtaining daily weights
• monitoring the client for indications of constipation
• obtaining stool samples for hemoccult testing

Answer: a. monitoring intake and output

What type of diet should the nurse teach the parents to give an older infant with cystic fibrosis?

• low-protein diet
• high-fat diet
• low-carbohydrate diet
• high-calorie diet

Answer: d. high-calorie diet

At a follow-up appointment after being hospitalized, an adolescent with a history of cystic fibrosis describes his stool to the nurse. Which description should the nurse interpret as indicative of continued problems with malabsorption?

• soft with little odor
• large and foul-smelling
• loose with bits of food
• hard with streaks of blood

Answer: b. large and foul-smelling

When explaining to parents how to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse should teach about which measures? Select all that apply.

• maintain a smoke-free environment
• use a wedge for side-lying positions
• breast-feed the baby
• place the baby on his or her back to sleep
• use bumper pads over the bed rails
• have the baby sleep in the parent's bed

Answer:

• maintain a smoke-free environment
• breast-feed the baby
• place the baby on his or her back to sleep

The parent of a 16-month-old child calls the clinic because the child has a low-grade fever, cold symptoms, and a hoarse cough. What should the nurse suggest that the parent do?

• offer extra fluids frequently
• bring the child to the clinic immediately
• count the child's respiratory rate
• use a hot air vaporizer

Answer: a. offer extra fluids frequently

A child has viral pharyngitis. What should the nurse advise the parents to do? Select all that apply.

• use a cool mist vaporizer
• offer a soft-to-liquid diet
• administer amoxicillin
• administer acetaminophen
• place the child on secretion precautions

Answer:

• use a cool mist vaporizer
• offer a soft-to-liquid diet
• administer acetaminophen

An infant is being treated at home for bronchiolitis. What should the nurse teach the parent about home care?Select all that apply.

• offering small amounts of fluids frequently
• allowing the infant to sleep prone
• calling the clinic if the infant vomits
• writing down how much the infant drinks
• performing chest physiotherapy every 4 hours
• watching for difficulty breathing

Answer:

• offering small amounts of fluids frequently
• watching for difficulty breathing

A teaching care plan to prevent transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) should include what information? Select all that apply.

• the virus can be spread by direct contact
• the virus can be spread by indirect contact
• palivizumab is recommended to prevent RSV for all

toddlers in daycare

• the virus is typically contagious for 3 weeks
• older children seldom spread RSV
• frequent hand-washing helps reduce the spread of RSV

Answer:

• the virus can be spread by direct contact
• the virus can be spread by indirect contact
• frequent hand-washing helps reduce the spread of RSV

A charge nurse is making assignments for a group of children on a pediatric unit. The nurse should MOST avoid assigning the same nurse to care for a 2-year-old with

RSV and:

• an 18-month-old with RSV
• a 9-year-old 8 hours postappendectomy
• a 1-year-old with a heart defect
• a 6-year-old with sickle cell crisis

Answer: c. a 1-year-old with a heart defect

The triage nurse in the emergency department must prioritize the children waiting to be seen. Which child is in the GREATEST need of emergency medical treatment?

• a 6-year-old with a fever of 104 F (40 C), a muffled

voice, no spontaneous cough, and drooling

• a 3-year-old with a fever of 100 F (37.8 C), a barky

cough, and mild intercostal retractions

• a 4-year-old with a fever of 101 F (38.3 C), a hoarse

cough, inspiratory stridor, and restlessness

• a 12-year-old with a fever of 104 F (40 C), chills, and a

cough with thick yellow secretions

Answer: a. a 6-year-old with a fever of 104 F (40 C), a muffled voice, no

spontaneous cough, and drooling Rationale: this child is exhibiting signs and symptoms of epiglottitis, which is a medical emergency

A child with cystic fibrosis has been admitted to the pediatric unit. What type of diet should the nurse request for the client?

• high-fat, high-carbohydrate
• high-calorie, high-protein
• high-calorie, high-carbohydrate
• high-carbohydrate, high-protein

Answer: b. high-calorie, high-protein

Rationale: necessary to ensure adequate growth

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old who has undergone a cardiac catheterization 2 hours ago finds the dressing

and bed satu with blood. The nurse should FIRST:

• assess the vital signs
• reinforce the dressing
• apply pressure just above the catheter insertion site
• notify the healthcare provider

Answer: c. apply pressure just above the catheter insertion site

A 4-year-old has been scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. To help prepare the family, the nurse

should:

• advise the family to bring the child to the hospital for a

tour a week in advance

• explain that the child will need a large bandage after

the procedure

• discourage bringing favorite toys that might become

associated with pain

• explain that the child may get up as soon as the vital

signs are stable

Answer: b. explain that the child will need a large bandage after the procedure

When teaching the parents of a child with a ventricular septal defect who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization, the nurse explains that this procedure involves the use of which technique?

• ultra-high-frequency sound waves
• catheter placed in the right femoral vein
• cutdown procedure to place a catheter
• general anesthesia

Answer: b. catheter placed in the right femoral vein

Rationale: in children, cardiac catheterization usually involves a right-sided

approach because septal defects permit entry into the left side of the heart When developing the discharge teaching plan for the parents of a child who has undergone a cardiac catheterization for ventricular septal defect, which information should the nurse expect to include?

• restriction of the child's activities for the next 3 weeks
• use of sponge baths until the stitches are removed
• use of prophylactic antibiotics before receiving any

dental work

• maintenance of a pressure dressing until a return visit

with the healthcare provider

Answer: c. use of prophylactic antibiotics before receiving any dental work