Peds Nclex questions

Peds Nclex questions ScienceMedicinePaediatrics lupita_hernandez4 Save Pediatric NCLEX Questions 66 terms farzana_talPreview Peds Exam 1 NCLEX style questions 37 terms alanna_buonanno Preview PEDS NCLEX Questions 751 terms matt_lucas5Preview Psychia 50 terms sch Which of the following best describes why children have fewer respiratory tract infections as they grow older?

• The amount of lymphoid tissue decreases.
• Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.
• Viral organisms are less prevalent in the population.
• Secondary infections rarely occur after viral illnesses.
• Repeated exposure to organisms causes increased immunity.

Rationale: Children have increased immunity after exposure to a virus.

Labored breathing is referred to as:

• dyspnea.
• tachypnea.
• hypopnea.
• orthopnea.
• dyspnea.

Rationale: Dyspnea is labored breathing.

Why are cool-mist vaporizers rather than steam vaporizers recommended in home treatment of respiratory tract infections?

• They are safer.
• They are less expensive.
• Respiratory secretions are dried.
• A more comfortable environment is produced.
• They are safer.

Rationale: Cool-mist vaporizers are safer than steam vaporizers, and little evidence exists to show any advantages to steam.

Decongestant nose drops are recommended for a 10-month-old infant with an upper respiratory tract infection. Instructions for nose drops should include which of the following?

• Avoid using for more than 3 days.
• Keep drops to use again for nasal congestion.
• Administer drops until nasal congestion subsides.
• Administer drops after feedings and at bedtime.
• Avoid using for more than 3 days

Rationale: Vasoconstrictive nose drops such as phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) should not be used for more than 3 days to avoid rebound congestion.What is an appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an infant with an upper respiratory tract infection and elevated temperature?

• Give tepid water baths to reduce fever.
• Encourage food intake to maintain caloric needs.
• Have child wear heavy clothing to prevent chilling.
• Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration.
• Give small amounts of favorite fluids frequently to prevent dehydration

Rationale: Preventing dehydration by small frequent feedings is an important intervention in the febrile child.The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify the health professional if the infant:

• becomes fussy.
• has a cough.
• has a fever over 99° F.
• shows signs of an earache.
• Shows signs of an earache.

Rationale: If an infant with nasopharyngitis shows signs of an earache, it may mean a secondary bacterial infection is present and should be referred to a practitioner for evaluation.It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school:

• when sore throat is better.
• if no complications develop.
• after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
• after taking antibiotics for 3 days.
• After taking antibiotics for 24 hours.

Rationale: After children have taken antibiotics for 24 hours, they are no longer contagious to other children.A child is diagnosed with influenza, probably type A disease. Management includes which of the following?

• Clear liquid diet for hydration
• Aspirin to control fever
• Amantadine hydrochloride to reduce symptoms
• Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection
• Amantadine hydrochloride to reduce symptoms

Rationale: Amantadine may reduce symptoms related to influenza A if administered within 24 to 48 hours of onset. It is ineffective against type B or C.

Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) is differentiated from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which of the following?

• Fever as high as 40° C (104° F)
• Severe pain in the ear
• Nausea and vomiting
• A feeling of fullness in the ear
• A feeling of fullness in the ear

Rationale: OME is characterized by feeling of fullness in ear or other nonspecific complaints.Which of the following statements is characteristic of AOM?

• The etiology is unknown.
• Permanent hearing loss often results.
• It can be treated by intramuscular (IM) antibiotics.
• It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics.
• It is treated with a broad range of antibiotics

Rationale: Historically AOM has been treated with a range of antibiotics. However, new research shows that antibiotics do not improve outcomes in children with uncomplicated AOM.An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with AOM. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is prescribed. Which of the following statements made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the instructions?

• "I should administer all of the prescribed medication."
• "I should continue medication until the symptoms subside."
• "I will immediately stop giving medication if I notice a change in hearing."
• "I will stop giving medication if fever is still present in 24 hours."
• "I should administer all of the prescribed medication."

Rationale: Antibiotics should be given for their full course to prevent recurrence of infection with resistant bacteria An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing OM. Which of the following should be recommended?

• Avoid tobacco smoke.
• Use nasal decongestant.
• Avoid children with OM.
• Bottle-feed or breastfeed in supine position.
• Avoid tobacco smoke.

Rationale: Eliminating tobacco smoke from the child's environment is essential for preventing OM and other common childhood illnesses.The nurse is assessing a child with croup. Examining the child's throat by using a tongue depressor might precipitate which of the following?

• Inspiratory stridor
• Complete obstruction
• Sore throat
• Respiratory tract infection
• Complete obstruction

Rationale: If a child has acute epiglottitis, examination of the throat may cause complete obstruction and should be performed only when immediate intubation can take place

Which of the following types of croup is always considered a medical emergency?

• Laryngitis
• Epiglottitis
• Spasmodic croup
• Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
• Epiglottitis

Rationale: Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency needing antibiotics and airway support for treatment.The nurse encourages the mother of a toddler with acute LTB to stay at the bedside as much as possible. The nurse's rationale for this action is primarily which of the following?

• Mothers of hospitalized toddlers often experience guilt.
• The mother's presence will reduce anxiety and ease child's respiratory efforts.
• Separation from mother is a major developmental threat at this age.
• The mother can provide constant observations of the child's respiratory efforts.
• The mother's presence will reduce anxiety and ease child's respiratory efforts.

Rationale: The family's presence will decrease the child's distress.

A school-age child had an upper respiratory tract infection for several days and then began having a persistent dry, hacking cough that was worse at night. The cough has become productive in the past 24 hours. This is most suggestive of which of the following?

• Bronchitis
• Bronchiolitis
• Viral-induced asthma
• Acute spasmodic laryngitis
• Bronchitis

Rationale: Bronchitis is characterized by these symptoms and occurs in children older than 6 years.

Skin testing for tuberculosis (TB) (the Mantoux test) is recommended:

• every year for all children older than 2 years.
• every year for all children older than 10 years.
• every 2 years for all children starting at age 1 year.
• periodically for children who reside in high-prevalence regions.
• periodically for children who reside in high-prevalence regions

Rationale: Children who reside in high-prevalence regions for TB should be tested every 2 to 3 years.Which of the following is the most important consideration in managing TB in children?

• Skin testing
• Chemotherapy
• Adequate nutrition
• Adequate hydration
• Chemotherapy

Rationale: Drug therapy for TB includes isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide daily for 2 months and two or three times a week for the remaining

• months.