PNB 2XC3 Final Exam Actual 500 Questions And 100

PNB 2XC3 Final Exam (Actual / ) 500 Questions And 100% Verified CORRECT Answers

Elements of analytical thinking one should use for informed decisions - <<>>whats the purpose?what assumptions are made?, what data supports this?, what concepts and theories are used?, what conclusions can be drawn?, what are the implications and consequences?

DNA microarrays - <<>>A method to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time.Tiny amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes are fixed to a glass slide. These fragments, ideally representing all the genes of an organism, are tested for hybridization with various samples of cDNA molecules.

Process of DNA Microarray - <<>>-collect mRNA from two samples

• transcribe the mRNA to the more stable complementary DNA

(cDNA)

• mark each sample with a distinct fluorescent label
• apply to array
• binding indicates that a gene was active
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orange in DNA microarray - <<>>gene that increased activity in treated cells

green in DNA microarray - <<>>gene that decreased in activity in treated cells

yellow in DNA microarray - <<>>gene that was equally active in treated and untreated cells

black in DNA microarray - <<>>gene was inactive in both groups

genetics of behavioural development in bees experiment: -

<<>>- bees become nurses in their early life and become foragers later in life

• add either old or young bees to a colony

genetics of behavioural development in bees results: -

<<>>the number of resident younger bees that became foragers decreased when older bees were added (older bees foraged instead) and the number of resident young bees that became foragers increased when younger bees were added

• colony needs also effect the transition from nurse to forager

genetic activity in bees brains - <<>>out of the 5500 genes that were analyzed 2000 genes showed different levels of expression in nurse bees and forager bees 2 / 4

the for gene - <<>>found in large amounts in forager bees

For r gene containing larvae - <<>>larvae became rovers -longer track length

for s containing larvae - <<>>larvae became sitters -shorter track length

measures of variance - <<>>variance, standard deviation, standard error

normal distribution - <<>>68 percent within plus or minus one standard deviation 96 percent within plus or minus 2 standard deviations

Higher variance means - <<>>more variation in the group of individuals

• normal distribution is more broad

genetic variance - <<>>diversity of alleles and genotypes in a population

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environmental variance - <<>>Average amount of variance among individuals within the same genotype

phenotypic variance - <<>>genetic + environmental variance

Vp=Vg+Ve

Heritability (in the broad sense, H^2) - <<>>Vg/Vp

Heritability in the narrow sense - <<>>Va/Vp

• proportion of phenotypic variance caused by additive genetic

variance

• slope of regression line

additive genetic variance - <<>>component of the genetic variance that can be attributed to the additive effect of different genotypes

• responsible for the degree of similarity between parent and

offspring

response to selection - <<>>a change in the mean character state of one generation as a result of selection in the previous generation. the actual amount of natural selection took place

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