Q:l Whatl doesl thel terml polarizationl mean?

Q:l Whatl doesl thel terml polarizationl mean?

Answer:

Polarizationl refersl tol thel statel inl whichl therel isl al differencel inl thel chargel orl voltagel acrossl thel membrane,l namely,l thatl thel overalll chargel insidel thel neuronl (negative)l isl differentl froml thatl outsidel ofl thel neuronl (positive)

Q:l Whatl isl al twitch?

Answer:

Eachl timel al somaticl motorl neuronl sendsl anl actionl potential,l eachl musclel fiberl ofl thel motorl unitl willl contract.l Onel cyclel ofl contractionl andl completel relaxationl inl responsel tol al singlel stimulusl isl calledl al twitch

Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Acetylcholinel worksl thel samel wayl atl thel neuromuscularl junctionl andl onl cardiacl cells.

Answer:

False;l Thel functionl ofl AChl atl thel synapsesl ofl cardiacl cellsl isl completelyl differentl thanl itsl model ofl actionl atl thel neuromuscularl junction.l Withinl cardiacl muscle,l AChl hasl anl inhibitoryl effectl andl doesl notl bindl tol ligand-gatedl receptorsl ofl thel cardiacl cells

BIOLl 102/l BIOL102l Modulel 3:l (Latestl

2026/l 2027l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl IIl W/Labl |l 100%l Verifiedl Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A 1 / 4

Q:l Inl cardiacl musclel tissue,l ________l relayl andl coordinatel electricall informationl andl thenl sharel itl withl adjacentl cells.

Answer:

Intercalatedl disks

Q:l Explainl howl inactivatingl enzymesl clearl neurotransmittersl froml thel synapticl cleft.

Answer:

Inactivatingl enzymesl mayl bel presentl inl thel synapticl cleftl andl willl degradel thel neurotransmitterl sol thatl itl cannotl actl onl thel post-synapticl neuron

Q:l Gatedl ionl channelsl

Answer:

ionl channelsl thatl openl orl closel inl responsel tol stimuli;l typicallyl closedl tol preventl flowl ofl ionsl outl ofl thel cell.

Q:l 2l typesl ofl gatedl ionl channelsl

Answer:

Voltage-gatedl ionl channels,l Ligand-gatedl ionl channels

Q:l Changesl inl thel membranel potentiall arel necessaryl tol initiatel andl propagatel anl actionl potentiall (t/f)l

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Answer:

True

Q:l Arel therel morel K+l (potassium)l ionsl outsidel ofl thel neuronl orl insidel thel neuron?l

Answer:

Inside-l ifl thel potassiuml channelsl open,l thel K+l ionsl withinl thel celll willl flowl outl ofl thel neuronl andl downl thel potassium'sl gradientl asl therel arel lessl K+l ionsl outsidel ofl thel neuronl thanl therel arel inside

Q:l Hyperpolarizationl

Answer:

Thel movementl ofl thel membranel potentiall ofl al celll awayl froml restl potentiall inl al morel negativel directionl (-90l mV)l whenl positivel potassiuml ionsl leavel thel celll orl negativel ionsl flowl intol thel celll throughl voltagel gatedl ionl channels.

Q:l Depolarizationl

Answer:

Thel movementl ofl thel membranel potentiall ofl al celll awayl froml restingl potentiall inl al morel positivel directionl whenl positivel ionsl flowl intol thel celll orl negativel ionsl flowl out.

Q:l Ifl depolarizationl isl largel enough,l itl willl initiatel thel generationl ofl anl actionl potentiall (t/f)l

Answer:

True

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Q:l Howl doesl depolarizationl occurl inl al neuron?l

Answer:

Voltage-gatedl sodiuml channelsl openl andl positivelyl chargedl sodiuml ionsl flowl intol thel cell,l pushingl thel cell'sl membranel tol +62l mV

Q:l Gradedl potentialsl

Answer:

smalll changesl inl membranel potentiall thatl byl themselvesl arel insufficientl tol triggerl anl actionl potential;l positivel (depolarization)l orl negativel (hyperpolrization)

Q:l Gradedl potentialsl arel proportionall tol thel magnitudel ofl thel stimulusl (t/f)l

Answer:

True-l thel largerl thel stimulusl thel greaterl changel inl membranel potential

Q:l Thresholdl ofl al neuronl

Answer:

thel levell ofl stimulationl requiredl tol causel openingl ofl voltage-gatedl sodiuml channelsl tol triggerl al neurall impulsel (-55l mV)

Q:l Whatl arel thel 5l phasesl ofl anl actionl potential?l

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