RN NCLEX Comprehensive Review: Pharmacology in Nursing

RN NCLEX Comprehensive Review: Pharmacology in Nursing

ScienceMedicineNursing zachary_turpin3 Save 140 Must Know NCLEX Meds 141 terms eyoung389Preview NCLEX Teacher 116 terms jennethnnPreview med-surg ATI Exam 2025 Latest Exa...75 terms clement_Ndambiri Preview 75 Free 75 terms car 1 mg = ? mcg 1,000 mcg

• g = ? mg

1,000 mg

• kg = ? lbs

2.2 lbs

• gr = ? mg

60 mg

• oz = ? mL

30 mL

• L = ? mL

1,000 mL

• tsp = ? mL
• mL

• tbsp = ? mL

15 mL

• tbsp = ? tsp
• tsp

37.0 degrees Celsius = ? degrees Fahrenheit 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit Formula to find Celsius C=(F-32)x(5/9) Formula to find Fahrenheit F=(Cx9/5)+32 Adverse Reaction Negative effects experienced by a client as a result of a specific medication; may be hazardous, tolerated, or subside with continued use RN must assess before administering medications to a pt. (3)

• Allergies and adverse effects
• Current medication regimen for potential interactions
• Physiologic status compared to baseline assessment data
• Rights of Medication Administration
• Right client
• Right medication
• Right dose
• Right time
• Right route
• Right documentation

Average time to draw peak levels: Oral (PO)

1-2 hours after administration

Average time to draw peak levels: Intramuscular (IM)

• hour after administration

Average time to draw peak levels: Intravenous (IV)

30 minutes Trough Level Reflect the lowest concentration or residual level and are usually obtained within 15 minutes prior to administration of the next scheduled dose Culture and Sensitivity Cultures are obtained to detect the presence of pathogens within the specimen collected. If a culture produces organisms, testing is performed in the laboratory to identify the appropriate antibiotic therapy. Begin antibiotic therapy after obtaining lab sample.Guidelines for Safe IV Administration (5)

• Review medication guidelines for precautions related to IV administration for compatibility, rate of admin., necessity of infusion pump, and

serious adverse reactions

• Never administer medications through tubing being used for blood administration
• Implement standard precautions when performing and IV site change
• Fluids should be infused within 24 hours to prevent infection (discard unused portion)
• Maintain patency of IV access

Prevent Infiltration of IV site (3)

• Use smallest catheter for prescribed therapy
• Stabilize port-access
• Assess blood return

Treatment for Infiltrated IV (5)

• Stop infusion
• Remove peripheral catheters
• Apply cold compress
• Elevate extremity
• Insert new catheter into opposite extremity

Prevent Extravasation of IV (1)

• Know vesicant potential before giving med.

Treatment for Extravasated IV (5)

• Stop infusion
• Discontinue administration set
• Aspirate drug if possible
• Apply cold compress
• Document condition of site (may photograph)

Infiltration When IV fluid or medication leaks into surrounding tissue Extravasation Leakage of IV fluid or medication into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis Inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form able block one or more vein Prevent Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (3)

• Rotate site every 72h-96h
• Secure catheter
• Use aseptic technique

Treatment for Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis at IV site (4)

• Stop infusion
• Remove peripheral catheters
• Apply heat compress
• Insert new catheter in opposite extremity

Hematoma Localized bleeding outside of blood vessels Prevent Hematoma at IV site (2)

• Avoid veins not easily seen or palpated
• Obtain hemostasis after insertion

Treatment for Hematoma at IV site (3)

• Remove IV device
• Apply light pressure if bleeding
• Monitor for signs of phlebitis

Prevention of IV Catheter Embolus (1)

• Do not reinsert stylet needle into catheter

Treatment of IV Catheter Embolus (2)

• Immediately apply tourniquet high on extremity to limit venous flow
• Prepare for removal under X-ray