Safety and Infection Control Practice Test for the NCLEX- RN Exam

Safety and Infection Control Practice Test for the NCLEX- RN Exam Leave the first rating Students also studied Terms in this set (24) Science MedicineNursing Save CH 29 Infection Prevention and Con...16 terms jennfasPreview NCLEX Safety and Infection Control...42 terms Kate383Preview Safety and Infection Control NCLEX ...19 terms e_abdullah1Preview Chain o 18 terms OG The nurse at a family practice is responsible for reviewing home safety issues with all patients. She knows that there is an increased risk of falls in which of these two groups of patients?

• infants and the elderly
• infants and toddlers
• the elderly and school-age children
• toddlers and the elderly

the answer is A Infants and the elderly both have increased risk of falls. Nurses should educate the parents and/or caregivers of infants about safe places for sleep and play to prevent a fall. In the elderly, nurses must consider age-related factors, both physical and cognitive that can increase the risk of falling.

Note: Even though toddlers (ages 1-4) are more mobile than infants (ages 0-1),

statistics show that infants are more susceptible to falling. This may be due to being left in unsafe places (on changing tables, beds, grocery carts, etc.) and the lack of knowledge of and experience with space and their bodies.A nurse is counseling an 87-year-old female patient and her daughter. The patient is obese, has multiple medical problems, including dementia, and takes numerous medications. The patient is preparing to move in with her daughter for full-time care. Which of the following is least important for the nurse to discuss with the patient and her daughter.

• fire safety and prevention
• side effects of her medications
• proper ergonomics for lifting/assisting the patient in

her activities of daily living

• fall prevention and safety

The correct answer is A While fire safety and prevention is certainly a worthwhile topic to discuss, given this patient's particular set of problems of obesity, polypharmacy, dementia, and advanced age, the other choices should take priority during the review of safety and accident prevention.

A nurse on the medical/surgical floor is caring for an elderly, postoperative patient with dementia who is in restraints because she refuses to stay in bed or keep her IVs in. The nurse knows that she will have to provide range of motion exercises and ask if the patient needs to use the restroom how often?

• every 8 hours
• every 6 hours
• every 2 hours
• every 4 hours

the correct answer is C For this patient, the use of restraints is necessary to prevent injury during a fall and to help the patient recuperate from surgery. In addition to frequent monitoring to ensure correct placement of the restraints and the need for continued use, the nurse needs to provide bathroom opportunities and range of motion exercises every 2 hours.A nurse in the emergency room is taking care of a 4-year- old patient who has a suspected case of impetigo. The nurse knows that which of the following precautions is most important to prevent the spread of this infection?

• standard precautions
• droplet precautions
• airborne precautions
• contact precautions

the correct answer is D Impetigo is an infectious skin condition that is spread via skin to hand contact or indirect contact of the skin and other surfaces. Contact precautions are, therefore, necessary to limit the spread of this skin infection.A nurse is working with a patient who has a contagious condition. In recalling the chain of infection, the nurse knows that an environment favorable for the growth and reproduction of an infectious agent is referred to as ____.

• a vector
• a portal of entry
• a reservoir
• a susceptible host

the correct answer is C

The chain of infection has six elements:

a pathogen which is an infectious agent a reservoir which is any environment that is favorable for the growth and reproduction of an infectious agent a portal of exit which is a place where an infectious agent gets out of a host a method of transmission which is the way an infectious organism is transferred from a reservoir to a host a portal of entry which is the place where an infectious agent enters a host a susceptible host which is a person who is at risk for infection A vector is an object which can spread an infection via indirect contact. It is one of the three possible methods of transmission.nurse is volunteering in an indigent clinic. She is seeing a patient whom she suspects has active tuberculosis. In this disease process, which of the following body systems serves as both the reservoir and portal of entry for this infection?

• the hematologic system
• the gastrointestinal system
• the respiratory system
• the integumentary system

The correct answer is C Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that mainly infects the respiratory system caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread via inhalation of droplets that contain the bacteria that are released during coughing, sneezing,

etc. There are two forms of TB: latent and active. Patients are contagious only

during an active TB infection, and they usually feel sick during this time. Those with latent infection are not infectious and do not feel ill. The respiratory system is where this organism best grows and reproduces (a reservoir) and how one becomes infected with the organism via inhalation (portal of entry).A nurse is preparing a bag of chemotherapy agent for one of the patients. The nurse accidentally pierces a hole through the bag while attempting to spike it. A moderate amount of chemotherapy spills onto the ground. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?

• Call the pharmacy to have the chemotherapy redosed.
• Cordon off the area and notify housekeeping/facilities

of the spill.

• Clean up the spill with wet paper towels.
• Continue to prime chemotherapy tubing.

The correct answer is B Chemotherapy is extremely caustic to any persons and environment it contacts.When chemotherapy spills occur, the nurse must immediately secure the area and notify the facility's designated personnel to have the area appropriately cleaned.The chemotherapy should never be cleaned with inappropriate tools such as paper towels or linens. Since the bag has been compromised, the nurse should no longer prime the tubing or administer the chemotherapy to the patient. The nurse will need to notify the pharmacy to have the chemotherapy redosed, but this is not the priority action.

The nurse is admitting a 70-year-old patient for a procedure. The patient has type I diabetes mellitus with significant peripheral neuropathy, atrial fibrillation controlled with antiarrhythmic medications, and osteoarthritis bilaterally in his knees. He is also on anticoagulants with an INR of 3.0. Given that the nurse knows about the individual risk factors that raise the risk of a fall, accident, or injury while hospitalized, which of the following should be identified as the most significant risk factor for this patient?

• anticoagulant therapy
• peripheral neuropathy
• bilateral knee osteoarthritis
• atrial fibrillation

The correct answer is B Sensory deficits such as sight, hearing, proprioception, and neuropathy can all raise the risk of a fall, accident, or injury in a hospitalized patient. These factors should be noted at the time of admission and factored into the care plan to protect the patient during his or her time under medical care. Osteoarthritis may limit the patient's mobility. This should be discussed upon admission. Atrial fibrillation that is not controlled can increase the risk of stroke, but this patient is controlled with antiarrhythmic medications. Anticoagulant therapy doesn't raise the risk of a fall, accident, or injury, but it is an important part of the medical history, given that the patient is being admitted for a procedure.The nursing instructor is discussing the chain of infection to a group of student nurses what is the most important information about identifying the chain of infection for the healthcare provider?

• Understanding of the chain of infection allows for test

to be performed to assess resistance to communicable diseases

• Recognition of the chain of infection provides

information about which patient will most benefit from isolation precautions

• The need for antibiotic therapy can be determined by

assessing the chain of infection

• Determination of points at which the infection can be

stopped or prevented can be made by identifying the chain of infection The correct answer is D A 24-year-old is admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of hepatitis A and placed in contact precautions what is the primary goal of this action?

• To prevent transmission of infectious microorganisms
• To control the environment of the patient
• To protect the patient from infectious microorganisms
• To protect only the family

The correct answer is A The nurse is working in a clinical medical area with a census of 15 each patient has a different illness when planning care the nurse recognizes which of the following as the most important action to provide provection to each patient from healthcare associated infections?

• Wearing a gown
• Placing each patient in isolation
• Hand hygiene
• Wearing gloves

The correct answer is C

What sign is an early indicator of infection and a client who is immune suppressed?

• A persistent sore throat
• Elevated temperature
• Elevated white blood cell Count
• Elevated creatinine levels

The correct answer is A The client with genital herpes is seen in the clinic with an

active lesion the nurse should anticipate in order for:

• Pyrazinamide
• Isoniazid
• Ciprofloxacin
• Acyclovir

The correct answer is D The client with clostridium difficile is admitted to the unit to prevent the transmission of Clostridium different seal

to the immune suppressed patient the nurse should use:

• Airborne precautions
• Droplet precautions
• Sputum precautions
• Modified contact precautions

The correct answer is D no hand sanitizer or alcohol will kill wash hands with soap and water A client with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is being treated with metronidazole for protozoal infection which instruction should be given to the client taking metronidazole?

• Take the medication in the morning for optimal

absorption

• Do not take this medication and also drink alcoholic

beverages

• Allow six weeks for medication to take affect
• Take the medication with an antacid to prevent nausea

The correct answer is B A student nurse recalls the body has nonspecific defense systems to protect against infection which of the following is an example of the system?

• Saliva
• Antigens
• B lymphocytes
• T cells

The correct answer is A Several clients are admitted to an adult medical unit the nurse would ensure airborne precautions for a client with which of the following medical conditions?

• A positive PPD with an abnormal chest x-ray
• A diagnosis of aids and cytomegalovirus
• A tentative diagnosis of viral pneumoniaA tentative

diagnosis of viral pneumonia

• Advanced carcinoma of the lungs

The correct answer is A we would be concerned about tuberculosis in this instance