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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
ELEMENTARY
STATISTICS
FOURTEENTH EDITION
Mario F. Triola
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking ...................................................................1 Section 1-2: Types of Data ...............................................................................................3 Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data ................................................................................4 Quick Quiz ........................................................................................................................5 Review Exercises ..............................................................................................................5 Cumulative Review Exercises ..........................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data .................7 Section 2-2: Histograms ..................................................................................................13 Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive ......................................16 Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ..................................................19 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................21 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................22 Cumulative Review Exercises ........................................................................................23
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Section 3-1: Measures of Center .....................................................................................25 Section 3-2: Measures of Variation ................................................................................30 Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots .............................................35 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................39 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................39 Cumulative Review Exercises ........................................................................................40
Chapter 4: Probability
Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability ....................................................................43 Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule ......................................................44 Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem ...................47 Section 4-4: Counting .....................................................................................................49 Section 4-5: Simulations for Hypothesis Tests ...............................................................51 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................52 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................53 Cumulative Review Exercises ........................................................................................54
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions ............................................................................55 Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions.............................................................57 Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions ...............................................................60 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................62 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................62 Cumulative Review Exercises ........................................................................................63 2 / 4
Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution .............................................................65 Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions ................................................66 Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators ......................................................69 Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem ........................................................................73 Section 6-5: Assessing Normality ...................................................................................76 Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial (Download Only) .........................79 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................82 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................82 Cumulative Review Exercises ........................................................................................84
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion............................................................85 Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean....................................................................89 Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance ..........................93 Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates .......................................96 Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................98 Review Exercises ............................................................................................................99 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................100
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ...................................................................103 Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion .........................................................105 Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean .................................................................111 Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance .......................115 Section 8-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Hypothesis Testing..........................117 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................119 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................120 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................121
Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions .......................................................................................123 Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples ...........................................................131 Section 9-3: Matched Pairs ...........................................................................................138 Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations ....................................................143 Section 9-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Inferences ........................................145 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................147 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................148 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................150 3 / 4
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Section 10-1: Correlation ..............................................................................................155 Section 10-2: Regression ..............................................................................................162 Section 10-3: Prediction Intervals and Variation ..........................................................170 Section 10-4: Multiple Regression................................................................................172 Section 10-5: Nonlinear Regression .............................................................................174 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................179 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................179 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................180
Chapter 11: Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables
Section 11-1: Goodness-of-Fit ......................................................................................183 Section 11-2: Contingency Tables ................................................................................188 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................192 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................192 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................193
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance
Section 12-1: One-Way ANOVA .................................................................................195 Section 12-2: Two-Way ANOVA ................................................................................197 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................199 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................199 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................200
Chapter 13: Nonparametric Tests
Section 13-2: Sign Test .................................................................................................203 Section 13-3: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs ...................................204 Section 13-4: Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Independent samples ......................206 Section 13-5: Kruskal-Wallis Test for Three or More Samples ...................................209 Section 13-6: Rank Correlation ....................................................................................212 Section 13-7: Runs Test for Randomness .....................................................................213 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................215 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................216 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................217
Chapter 14: Statistical Process Control
Section 14-1: Control Charts for Variation and Mean ..................................................219 Section 14-2: Control Charts for Attributes ..................................................................221 Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................226 Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................226 Cumulative Review Exercises ......................................................................................228
Chapter 15: Holistic Statistics
Holistic Statistics Exercises ..........................................................................................231
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